Page 86 - TM SOCIAL NOTES 10TH CLASS PSR DIGITAL BOOKS

LIST OF PRIME MINISTERS AND THEIR ACTIVITIES :
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1. Nehru- Aug 1947 to may 1964 : 1. 1 General elections 1952, Election commission of India
faced the problem of illiteracy. To overcome this problem daily symbols and each ballet box
for every candidate was used. 2. One party dominance: it means one party continuously
winning and form the government with huge majority EX: from 1952 to 1977 the INC won all
elections 3. Demand for state Reorganization/Linguistic states Movement : people
demands new states on the basis of their Language, most vigorous is Andra state. 1953 SRC
was formed, 1956 SRA was passed, 14 states and 6 UTs were created. 4. Social and Economic
change- Reservations, Minority rights, untouchability prohibited for social change. Five year
plans, Land reforms, cooperative societies, Local self-governments for Economic change.
4. Foreign policy based on NAM, panchasheel policy and Wars with Pakistan in 1948, 65,
71 and 99, with China 1962. During his last years official language [Hindi] act was passed in
1963.
2. L.B Sastry- June 1964 to Jan 1966: 1.Anti-Hindi agitation lead by DMK party in TN, food
crisis and war with Pakistan in1965. He gave the slogan, Jai Javan-Jai kisan.
3. Indira Gandhi – Jan 1966 to Mar 1977, jan 1980 to oct 1984: 1. Green Revolution [1964-67]
solved the food crisis in India. 2. Rise of regional parties in 1967 Elections- INC returned with
lowest majority [284] in L.S. But INC lost in States assembly elections. DMK in TN by MGR,
Kerala, odisha. But in North INC lost to SVD governments. The members in SVD governments
are intermediate caste people. 3.Rise of regional movements- Telengana agitation in
Osmania university, Meghalaya was created in 1969, demand for Chandigarh for Punjab,
Sheik Abdulla Movement in Kashmir, youth movement in Nagaland, Shiva sena party movement
in Mumbai, 4.communal tensions [violence] in Ranchi, Ahmedabad, Jalgaon, Aligarh. 4.
Bangladesh liberation war in 1971. 5. Indira attempted to create a new social base by
identifying poor and down trodden, Left turn policy- Garibi Hatao, Nationalisation of
Banks[government under taking], Abolition of Privy pursue[princely pension funds] 6. 1973
Keshava nanda Bharati case 7. Emergency [1975-77], 1976- 42 constitutional Amendment
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act. 2nd time [Jan 1980 to Oct 1984]: 1.Rise of regional Aspirations: in 1980 she suspended
9 Non-congress governments in states. A.P- TDP by NTR , Assam- AASU movement , Punjab-
Agitation for Khalistan [separate country for Sikhs lead by Bhindranwale]. 1984 June-
operation Blue star in Golden temple to kill the Sikh terrorist. To avenge this Sikh body
guards killed Indira in 1984 October 30.
4. Morarji Desai [mar 1977 to july 1979] Janata party: 1. After the emergency all the opposition
parties and formed Janata party, they defeated INC 2. First Non-congress government by
Janata party, First Non- congress PM is Morarji Desai. 3. In 1978 Janata party suspended 9
congress governments at state level. 4. Neelam sanjeeva Reddy, elected as 6 L.S speaker.
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He was unanimously elected as 6 president of India. Morarji Desai resigned due to crisis in
Janata Party.
5. Charan Singh[ July 1979 to January 1980] Janata party[secular] with INC. He lost due to
cheating of Indira.
6. Rajiv Gandhi [oct 1984 to Dec 1989]; 1. Peace agreements/Accords with AASU in Assom in
1985, With SAD party in Punjab in 1985, with Mizo front in Mizoram in 1986, With Sri Lanka
in 1987[operation santi pavan from 1987 to 89 by Indian army to crush the LTTE, Tamil
terrorists] 2. Telecom revolution, satellite technology and computer technology. 3. Religion/
communal influence in politics- 1985- Shabhano Divorce case, 1986-Ayodya-
Ramajanmabhumi case the Hindus were allowed to worship in Babri Masjid. 4. The formers
protest- for subsidy in Diesel, fertilizers and seeds in UP and Haryana leadership by Mahendra
singh Tikayat, in Maharashtra leadership by Sharad Joshi. 5. Boforse Guns scam, lost in
1989 elections. Rajiv was Assassinated by LTTE suicide bomber in 1991 election campaign
near chennai.

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