Page 70 - Bahrain Gov Annual Reports (II)_Neat

diving season to buy pearls, but as the state of the pearl market deteriorated, these buyers ceased
coming, and lately most of the Bahrain pearls have been sent to Bombay, to be sold to buyers for
the European markets.
Number of Number of Value of Catch.
Year. Boats Diving. Divers.
1345 515 19,250 Not recorded.
1346 507 18,500 »»
1347 531 19.650 n
1348 538 20,150
1349 509 19,300 21,25,000/-
1350 504 17,600 18,32,000/-
1351 456 16.650 12,14,000/-
1352 436 16,000 13,40,000/-
1353 340 12,700 10,00,000/-
1354 316 11,550 8,33,000/-
1355 264 9,800 6,07,000/-
Note.—Value of catch and number of divers is only approximate.
Value of catch is calculated from actual figures of diving clerks, to which is added an average
of those boats whose catches arc not recorded by diving clerks.
Number of divers is obtained from the diving-boat licences, which specify that not more
than a certain number of men may be carried in boats of the various classes. The number of divers
may possibly be less than the figures given above, but not more.
Various causes have contributed to the slump in the pearl trade, the chief reasons being the
recent years of financial depression in Europe and the success of Japanese cultured pearls. Other
matters which have affected the market are changes in women’s fashions, which tend to reduce
the amount of jewellery which is worn, and the popularity and cheapness of motor cars and wireless
sets. Nowadays men give women cars and wireless sets instead of pearl necklaces. There has been
a very great increase in the sale of cultured pearls during the last five years, and their price has
fallen correspondingly. When they first appeared on the market they were sold at about one-third
the price of real pearls; now they cost less than one thirtieth the price of real pearls. This, in some
ways, is an advantage. The cultured pearls are rapidly taking the place of the artificial pearls such
as are made by Ciro and Tekla. Both these firms are now selling quantities of cheap cultured
necklaces, and a cultured pearl necklace can be bought at a price only a little higher than that of
a good artificial pearl necklace. The artificial pearl trade, according to a trade statement, has been
affected to the extent of six million pounds since the introduction of cultured pearls.
Diving The depression has affected the diving industry in various ways. In
Mortgages. times of prosperity merchants willingly advanced large sums of money
to nakhudas with no security except the knowledge that they had first
claim on the boats’ catch, and that if the nakhuda became bankrupt the merchant could take over
the boats and divers. Now, and for some years back, owing to uncertain conditions, no merchant
will advance money for diving without taking a security for his loan, cither title deeds of property
or gold ornaments. Nakhudas, as a class, rarely owned land or immovable property except the
house in which they lived, and in order to get money to equip their boats and pay the advances
to their divers many of them mortgaged their houses. After several cases in which merchants
foreclosed on mortgages and turned the nakhudas out of their houses, it was decided by the
Government that the actual living house of a nakhuda should not be liable in case of a diving debt.
The changed conditions brought to the front a few nakhudas who, because they happened to own
gardens or other immovable property, were able to obtain loans more easily than many bigger
men whose wealth was entirely in boats and divers.
Divers* One of the chief objects of the reforms was to reduce the debts of the
Debts. divers to their nakhudas. Ten years ago, both merchants and nakhudas
were opposed to any reduction in the advances because they knew that
it would eventually result in divers being free to dive for whoever they chose; the divers themselves
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