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Table of Contents

Abstract…………………………………………………………………………….…..….i
Abbreviations……………………………………………………………………..…....ii
Preface……………………………………………………………………………......…...iv
Map………………………………………………………………………………………..xvii

Introduction………………………………………………………………………..……1

Part I: The Search for a ‘Hero’:
the Rise of the Nationalist Movement
1 Background to Bahrain’s Sectarian Tensions, Trade Unions,
and the Sunni-Shi’ite Clash of 1953, January 1953-February1954……...….31
2 Bahrain’s ‘Suez Canal Companies’
and the attack on the Police Fort, March-September 1954…………..………...49
3 The Formation of the Nationalist Movement,
October-December 1954…………………………………………………………….….…….70

Part II: Turning East
4 Pacts and Committees, January-June 1955.………………………………….….….…87
5 The Nationalists cry ‘Arms for Egypt’, July-December 1955……………...….116

Part III: The Nationalists’ Strike
6 Local Elections, the Glubb Affair,
and Selwyn Lloyd’s Corner, January-10 March 1956…………….……………...147
7 The Municipality Incident, Official Recognition of the Nationalist
Movement, and the Belgrave Question, 11 March-June 1956………....……..177

Part IV: The Imminent Clash and Downfall
8 Belgrave’s Resignation, the Ghosts of Past Appeasers,
the Suez War, and Anti-British Riots in Bahrain,
July-November 1956 ……………………………………………………………………….….231
9 The Trials, Exile, and Belgrave’s Departure,
December 1956-April 1957………………………………………………………………....275

10 Conclusion………………………………………………………………………………….……….297
List of Sources Consulted…………………………………………………………….……….303