Page 459 - Truncal States to UAE_Neat

Notes to Chapter Four
21 Some of the moral points which were emphasised by the puritan
Mutawwa' movement within the Ibadi movement during the 19th
century did have a deep influence on the attitudes of the tribal people
who had close links with the people of Inner Oman. This movement was
particularly concerned with reforming public morals and wanted to see
the veiling of women more rigidly enforced; see Lorimer, Ilistor., pp.
2374f.
22 For more details on the Khojahs, see Lorimer, Histor., pp. 2377ff.
23 ibid. p. 2379.
24 ibid. p. 2383ff.
25 ibid. p. 2397. For a history of the western Christian missions in the area
see ibid, Appendix I, pp. 2386-99.
26 See below, pages 212ff and 291ff.
27 See Alfred Bonne, State and Economics in the Middle East: A Society in
Transition, 2nd rev. edn Westport, 1973 (Greenwood Press); quotation
p. 333.
28 A term used extensively for instance by Edwin E. Calverley, "The
Fundamental Structure of Islam" in Asian Affairs, 1939, vol. XXVI, pp.
280-302.
29 The simplest of all mosques is a rectangle staked out with palm fronds
or stones and indicating the qiblah; such makeshift mosques were made
if a large group of people was encamped somewhere in the desert or
mountains for any length of time.
30 From aerial photographs taken of Abu Dhabi in the early 1960s some 20
mosques can be identified for the town, which then housed an estimated
30,000 people.
31 See below pages 244f.
32 According to one source the Friday mosque of Dubai used to have a
women’s gallery during the 1950s.
33 See Thesiger, Arabian p. 111.
34 Hence the readiness with which the ruling family of Abu Dhabi
supported the establishment of a Roman Catholic Church and a little
later of an Anglican Church in Abu Dhabi and an Evangelical Church in
al 'Ain during the early 1960s.
35 When asked why they built their houses at a distance from the cool and
shade of their date gardens rather than inside, many people said that
there were evil spirits in the gardens—possibly a notion which arose
out of a long experience of malarial cases among the people who slept
regularly in /alaj-irrigated gardens.
36 Boys were usually circumcised at the age of about nine or ten. Every
community had a man who did the operation and who was very often
also a mutawwa'. Girls were sometimes circumcised soon after birth by
the midwife of the community.
37 In this respect there was a recognisable difference between the tribal
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