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4. Reviewed by R.McC. Adams, Anthropological Perspectives on Ancient Trade. Current Anthropolo­
gy, vol .7.15, 1974, pp.239-258.

5. Giovanni Oman, The Islamic Necropolis of Dahlak Kebir in the Red Sea. East and West, vol. 24,
1974, pp. 249-295.

6. Further reading in the vol. cited under no.3.

7. R.E. Wheeler/ A.Gosh/Krishna Deva, Arikamedu: an Indo-Roman Trading-station on the East
Coast of India. Ancient India, vol. 2,1946, pp.17-124.

8. Kurt Jnritz, Tilmun-Mckan-Mcluhha./MES, vol. 27,1967, pp.209-213; J. Gclb, MakanandMcluhha
in Early Mesopotamian Sources. Rev. d’Assyr. et d’Archeol. Orientate, vol.64 1970, pp.1-8; Romila
Thapar, A possible identification of Mcluhha, Dilmun and Mtxktxn. Journal ofthe Economic and Social
History of the Orient, vol.18, 1975, pp.1-42; more complete bibliography in G. Weisgerber, Archa-
ologischc und archaomclallurgischc Untcrsuchungcn in Oman, Allgcmeinc und Vcrgleichendc
Archaologic-Qcitragc, vol.2, 1980, pp.67-90, note 1.

9. My citations of cuniform texts are based on a manuscript by Wolfgang Heimpcl to appear soon in a
final publication volume of our archaeological work in Oman.

10. Elisabeth C.L. During Caspers, Sumerian Traders and Businessmen residing in the Indus valley
cities. A critical Assessment of the Archaeological Evidence, Annali dell’ Istituto Orientale di Napoli,
vol.42, 1982, pp.337-379.

Elisabeth CL. During Caspers. Harrapan Trade in the Arabian Gulf in the Third Millennium B.C.
Mesopotamia, vol. 7,1972, pp.167-191.; ibid. New archaeological evidence for Maritime Trade in the
Persian Golf during the late Protoliterate Period. East and West NS, vol. 21,1971, pp.9-20; ibid, A short
survey ofa still topical problem: The third millennium Arabian Trade Mechanism seen in the light of the
recent discoveries in Southern Iran. Acta praehistorica and archacologica, vol.3,1972, pp.35-42.

11. T.G.Bibby, “.... eftcr Dilmun Norm”, Kuml, 1970, pp.345-353; Michael Roaf, Weights on the
Dilmun Standard, Iraq, vol.44 1982, pp.137-141; M.P. Hendrickx-Baudot, The weights of the Harappa-
Culture. Orientalia Lovaniensia Periodica, vol.3,1972, pp. 5-34.

12. Simo Parpola/ Asko Parpola/ Robert H. Brunswig, The Meluhha Village. Evidence of acculturation
of Harappan Traders in the late third Millennium Mesopotamia? Journ. Economic and Social History of
the Orient, vol.20,1977, pp. 129-165.

The complex problem of trade and archaeological evidences cannot be seen better than at Kultepe. The
Assyrian Trading Outpost is only visible by the texts: “If the tablets and their sealed envelopes had not
been found, in fact, we might never have suspected the existence of a merchant colony” (T.Ozguc, An
Assyrian Trading Outpost Scientific American, 1962, pp. 97 ff.) Cited after Lamberg-Karlovsky 1972.

13. Serge Cleuziou, Preliminary report on the second and third excavation campaigns at Hili 8,
Archaeology in the United Arab Emirates, vol. 2/3, 1978/79, pp.30 ff.

14. GerdWeisgerber,“... und Kupfer in Oman”, DerAnschnitt, vol.32,1980, pp.62-110;ibid.,Mehrals
Kupfer in Oman, Der Anschnitt, vol.33, 1981, pp.174-263

15. See note 14.
16. Gerd Weisgerber, Makan and Mcluhha — 3rd millennium copper production in Oman and the
evidence ofcontact with the Indus valley, Soutfi Asian Archaeology 1981, p. 196-201, Cambridge, 1982.

17. Maurizio Tosi, A possible Harappan Seaport in Eastern Arabia: Ra’s al-Junayz in the Sultanate of
Oman. Manuscript
18. This idea first by John Hansman, A periplus of Magan and Meluhha, BSOAS vol.36,1973, pp.554-
587; ibid., A further note on Magan and Meluhha, BSOAS vol. 38, 1975, pp.609-610.

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