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LEGAL AND CONSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENTS xxxix
Nationality Law, 1963;* Provisional Law No. 7 for 1970 on the Land
Development; Law No. 11 for 1971 on the Administration of Estates
of non-Muslim foreigners2; Law No. 10 for 1971 on Cheques;3 Law
No. 13 for 1971 on the Organisation of the Judicature4; Law No. 14
for 1971 on Notorisation (Notary Public)3; Law No. 2 for 1972 on
Court Fees; Law No. 10 for 1973, concerning Regulations for the
Election of the National Assembly; Law No. 16 for 1973,
concerning the Establishment of a Central Municipal Authority for
Municipal Affairs; Law No. 23 for 1973 for the Establishment of the
Bahrain Currency Organisation; The Bahrain Constitution, 6
December, 1973.6
Since 1958, legislation has been published in al-Jaridah
al-Rasmiyah (Bahrain Official Gazette).

State of Qatar

On 2 September 1971, the Amir (then known as Ruler) of Qatar
proclaimed his country an independent sovereign State. Before this
proclamation of independence, Qatar was known as an independent
Government bound by special treaty relations with the Government
of the United Kingdom. In legal parlance, she was better known as a
British protected State.7 On 3 September, a day after the above
proclamation, the Agreement of 3 November 19168 between Qatar
and the British Government, which, together with other
supplementary agreements, placed Qatar under British protection
in the past, was terminated by means of an Exchange of Notes
between the Amir of Qatar and the British Political Resident in the
Gulf, representing the British Government. On the same date, the
State of Qatar and the United Kingdom signed a 10-year Treaty of
Friendship.10 Qatar became a member of the league of Arab States

1. For reference, see above, p. xxxiii.
2. Al-Jaridah al-Rasmiyah, No. 949, 3 June, 1971.
3. Ibid., No. 914, 29 April 1971.
4. Ibid., No. 929, 12 August, 1971.
5. Ibid.
6. Ibid., No. 961, 23 March 1972.
7. See Chapter 4 of the book, below.
8. See Chapter 4 of the book, below.
9. See Exchange of Notes Concerning the Termination of Special Treaty Relations
between the United Kingdom and the State of Qatar, Geneva 3 Sept., 1971,
Treaty Series No. 3 (1972), Comnd. 4849.
10. United Kingdom and the State of Qatar 3 Sept. 1971, Treaty Series No. 4(1972),
Comnd. 4850. The Treaty was concluded in Geneva between the then Ruler of
Qatar, Shaikh Ahmed bin Ali Al-Thani and the former Political Resident in the
Gulf, Sir Geoffrey Arthur. It contains four Articles the provisions of which are
similar to that concluded with Bahrain. See p. xxviii above.