Page 46 - general studies for nda/na

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READY RECKONER OF INDIANGEOGRAPHY |6|

• Some of the important ranges are the Greater Middle Himalayas or Himachal:
Himalayan range (which includes the Great Himalayas • In between the Shiwaliks in the south and the Greater
and the Trans-Himalayan range), the Middle Himalayas in the north.
Himalayas and the Shiwalik.
• The Lower Himalayan ranges are 60-80 km wide and
about 2400 km in length.

• Elevations vary from 3,500 to 4,500 m above sea
level.

• The Lower Himalayas have steep, bare southern
slopes (steep slopes prevent soil formation) and
gentler, forest covered northern slopes.

Great Himalayas:

• Also known as Inner Himalaya, Central Himalaya or
Himadri.
• It is mainly formed of the crystallines (granites and
Shiwalik Range: gneisses) overlaid by metamorphosed sediments
• Located in between the Great Plains and Lesser (limestone). This mountain arc convexes to the south
Himalayas.The altitude varies from 600 to 1500 just like the other two ranges.
metres. • The Himadri terminates abruptly at the syntaxial

bends. One in the Nanga Parbat in the north-west
• Runs for a distance of 2,400 km from the Potwar
and the other in the Namcha Barwa in the north-east.
Plateau (west) to the Brahmaputra valley (east).
• The width of the Shiwaliks varies from 50 km in
Himalayas can be divided into the following Sub-
Himachal Pradesh to less than 15 km in Arunachal divisions:
Pradesh.
1. Kashmir or Northwestern Himalayas
2. Himachal and Uttaranchal Himalayas
• They are an almost unbroken chain of low hills except
3. Darjiling and Sikkim Himalayas
for a gap of 80-90 km which is occupied by the valley
4. Arunachal Himalayas
of the Tista River and Raidak River.
5. Eastern Hills and Mountains.

• Valleys are part of synclines and hills are part of
anticlines or anti-synclines.

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