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1st Int. Transborder Conf. of the Timor Island: Timor %u2013 Science without borderDili, 7-8 May 2025149Keywords: Masculinity, Lu%u00eds Cardoso, Timorese, Planter, Pumpkin.Science Without Borders: Enhancing Social Research Capacity and Innovation Ecosystem between Indonesia - Timor LesteLenny S.B. Manoe*, Imanta I. Perangin Angin, Susana C.L Pellu, Aelsthri Ndandara and Jacklin S. ManafeFakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Politik, Universitas Nusa Cendana, Jl. Adisucipto, Kupang, NTT 85001, Indonesia*Corresponding author: lenny.s.bire.manoe@staf.undana.ac.idAbstractThe border region between Indonesia and Timor-Leste is shaped by complex historical, social, and economic dynamics resulting from colonial legacies and recent independence. These factors significantly influence interactions and development in the area. Despite ongoing diplomatic efforts and the establishment of joint committees to facilitate cross-border cooperation, the region continues to face challenges related to social cohesion, resource management, and limited innovation capacity. Advancing sustainable development in this context requires strengthening research capacity and fostering a supportive innovation ecosystem. This study aims to identify key obstacles, map collaborative opportunities, and propose strategies to enhance transboundary scientific cooperation%u2014ultimately contributing to improved social research capacity and innovation systems in both countries. The study%u2019s objectives were (i) Assessing the current state of research capacity and innovation infrastructure; (ii) Identifying critical social and economic issues affecting the border region; (iii) Proposing models for environmentally sustainable, community-driven research and collaboration with local enterprises; and (iv) Exploring potential funding sources to support collaborative projects. Stakeholder engagement was emphasized to ensure active participation of local communities and to maximize the relevance and impact of research outcomes. Using a qualitative, multi-method approach%u2014stakeholder interviews, case studies, and literature review%u2014data were gathered from academic journals, government reports, and direct community engagement. Insights from bilateral meetings and recent international conferences were also acquired. Persistent border tensions hinder social cohesion and economic progress, often leaving local populations in poverty with limited access to resources and opportunities for innovation. Although bilateral mechanisms have contributed to improved diplomatic relations and peaceful conflict resolution, they frequently fail to incorporate local knowledge and community perspectives into research and development agendas. In the postpandemic context, priorities such as health security and community empowerment highlight the urgent need for cross-sectoral collaboration and inclusive research frameworks. While institutional barriers are beginning to be bridged through international conferences and academic exchanges, sustained investment in capacity building and collaborative research is essential for lasting impact. To strengthen social research capacity and the innovation ecosystem between Indonesia and Timor-Leste, a comprehensive, community-centered approach is necessary%u2014one that integrates local knowledge, promotes bilateral and multilateral cooperation, and prioritizes sustainable development. Addressing the region's unique challenges and unlocking its potential for innovation and social progress will depend on continued diplomatic engagement, targeted capacity-building efforts, and inclusive, locally informed research initiatives.Keywords: social research capacity; innovation ecosystem; trans-border collaboration; community development; capacity building; knowledge sharing.