Page 157 - Coincidences in the Bible and in Biblical Hebrew

COINCIDENCES IN THE BIBLE AND IN BIBLICAL HEBREW
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136 COINCIDENCES IN THE BIBLE AND IN BIBLICAL HEBREW
9.4 Water Heat Capacity

Heat capacity, or thermal capacity, is the ability of matter to store heat. The heat

capacity of a certain amount of matter is the quantity of heat (measured in joules)
required to raise its temperature by one Kelvin. SI denotes the International
System of Units. The SI unit for heat capacity is J/K (joule per Kelvin).
Heat capacity can be measured using calorimetry.
The specific heat capacity (SHC) of a substance is defined as heat capacity per

unit mass. It is commonly denoted by symbols like c or s, and occasionally called
just specific heat.

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The SI unit for SHC is joule per kilogram Kelvin, J·kg ·K , or J/(kg·K).
This is the amount of energy (heat) required to raise the temperature of one
kilogram of the substance by one degree Kelvin. The equivalent definition using

CGS (centimeter, gram, second) units is the amount of energy (measured in ergs)
required to raise the temperature of one gram of the substance by one degree
Celsius (erg/(g·°C)). Other units of SHC include calories per gram degree Celsius
(cal/(g·°C) or cal/(g·K)), and Btu per pound degree Fahrenheit (Btu/(lb·°F))
The symbol c p is often used to denote SHC at constant pressure.
Substances with low SHC, such as metals, require less input energy to increase
their temperature. Substances with high specific heat, such as water, require much

more energy to increase their temperature. The specific heat can also be inter-
preted as a measure of how well a substance preserves its temperature (i.e., “stores”
heat—hence the term “heat capacity”).
Water is often used as a basic standard relative to which SHC values are com-
pared. However, the water’s SHC depends on which state it is in. Frozen water (that
is, ice ), liquid water, and gaseous water (that is, steam) have different SHCs.
Table 9.1 displays SHC for all three states of water, measured in J/(kg·K).
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The Hebrew words for these three water phases—namely, kerach (ice ), mayim
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(water), and kitor (steam), have the following numerical values, respectively
(spelled consistently with how these words appear in the Bible):
308 = (8 = ח) + (200 = ר) + (100 = ק)

90 = (40 = ם) + (10 = י) + (40 = מ)

325 = (200 = ר) + (6 = ו) + (9 = ט) + (10 = י) + (100 = ק)

These water numerical values (WNV) are displayed in Table 9.1.