Page 157 - Coincidences in the Bible and in Biblical Hebrew
P. 157

COINCIDENCES IN THE BIBLE AND IN BIBLICAL HEBREW
          136
          136                            COINCIDENCES IN THE BIBLE AND IN BIBLICAL HEBREW
          9.4  Water Heat Capacity

          Heat capacity, or thermal capacity, is the ability of matter to store heat. The heat

          capacity of a certain amount of matter is the quantity of heat (measured in joules)
          required  to  raise  its  temperature  by  one  Kelvin.  SI  denotes  the  International
          System of Units. The SI unit for heat capacity is J/K (joule per Kelvin).
            Heat capacity can be measured using calorimetry.
            The specific heat capacity (SHC) of a substance is defined as heat capacity per




          unit mass. It is commonly denoted by symbols like c or s, and occasionally called
          just specific heat.

                                                                 -1
                                                              -1
            The  SI  unit  for  SHC  is  joule  per  kilogram  Kelvin,  J·kg ·K ,  or  J/(kg·K).
          This  is  the  amount  of  energy  (heat)  required  to  raise  the  temperature  of  one
          kilogram of the substance by one degree Kelvin. The equivalent definition using

          CGS (centimeter, gram, second) units is the amount of energy (measured in ergs)
          required to raise the temperature of one gram of the substance by one degree
          Celsius (erg/(g·°C)). Other units of SHC include calories per gram degree Celsius
          (cal/(g·°C) or cal/(g·K)), and Btu per pound degree Fahrenheit (Btu/(lb·°F))
            The symbol c p is often used to denote SHC at constant pressure.
            Substances with low SHC, such as metals, require less input energy to increase
          their temperature. Substances with high specific heat, such as water, require much


          more energy to increase their temperature. The specific heat can also be inter-
          preted as a measure of how well a substance preserves its temperature (i.e., “stores”
          heat—hence the term “heat capacity”).
            Water is often used as a basic standard relative to which SHC values are com-
          pared. However, the water’s SHC depends on which state it is in. Frozen water (that
          is, ice ), liquid water, and gaseous water (that is, steam) have different SHCs.
            Table 9.1 displays SHC for all three states of water, measured in J/(kg·K).
                                                                 12
                                                                              1
            The Hebrew words for these three water phases—namely, kerach  (ice ), mayim
                         13
          (water),  and  kitor   (steam),  have  the  following  numerical  values,  respectively
          (spelled consistently with how these words appear in the Bible):
                         308 = (8 = ח) + (200 = ר) + (100 = ק)


                           90 = (40 = ם) + (10 = י) + (40 = מ)

                325 = (200 = ר) + (6 = ו) + (9 = ט) + (10 = י) + (100 = ק)


            These water numerical values (WNV) are displayed in Table 9.1.
   152   153   154   155   156   157   158   159   160   161   162