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1 Note that 菩薩 is a contraction of 菩提薩埵, which is a Chinese transliteration 15 See: J.J. Lally & Co., Buddhist Sculpture from Ancient China, cat. no. 15.
of the Sanskrit term “bodhisattva”.
16 See: Matsubara Saburō, Chugoku Bukkyō Chōkoku Shiron [The Path of
2 For information on bodhisattvas, see: Robert E. Buswell, Jr. and Donald S. Chinese Buddhist Sculpture], vol. 3 Tō • Godai • Sō [Tang, Five Dynasties,
Lopez, Jr., The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism (Princeton, NJ: Princeton Song] (Tokyo: Yoshikawa Kobunkan), 1995, p. 718.
University Press), 2013; A.L. Basham, “The Evolution of the Concept of the
Bodhisattva” in Leslie S. Kawamura, The Bodhisattva Doctrine in Buddhism 17 See: See: Osvald Sirén, Chinese Sculpture from the Fifth to the Fourteenth
(Waterloo, Ontario, Canada: Published by Wilfrid Laurier University for the Century, p. 136, pl. 503; Dorothy W. Gillerman, ed., Grenville L. Winthrop:
Canadian Corporation for Studies in Religion), 1981; Leslie S. Kawamura, The Retrospective for a Collector, pp. 90-91, no. 72.
Bodhisattva Doctrine in Buddhism (Waterloo, Ontario, Canada: Published by
Wilfrid Laurier University for the Canadian Corporation for Studies in Religion), 18 See: Henry Trubner, The Arts of the T’ang Dynasty (Los Angeles: Los Angeles
1981; Paul Williams, Mahayana Buddhism: The Doctrinal Foundations, 2nd County Museum of Art), 1959 (reprinted in Ars Orientalis III), p. 19, pl. 34;
edition, in the Library of Religious Beliefs and Practices series (New York: Osvald Siren, Chinese Sculpture from the Fifth to the Fourteenth Century,
Routledge), 2009; Chün-fang Yü, Kuan-Yin: The Chinese Transformation pl. 378 A-B.
of Avalokitesvara (New York: Columbia University Press), 2001.
19 See: Matsubara Saburō, Chugoku Bukkyō Chōkoku Shiron, vol. 3, p. 871.
3 See: Angela Falco Howard et al., Chinese Sculpture in The Culture and
20
Civilization of China series (New Haven: Yale University Press; and Beijing: See: Angela Falco Howard et al., Chinese Sculpture, pl. 3.112;
Foreign Languages Press), 2006, p. 228. also see: http://webarchives.tnm.jp/imgsearch/show/C0097640
4 For an illustrated sourcebook on Buddhist deities and their iconographic 21 See: Angela Falco Howard et al., Chinese Sculpture, pl. 3.113; also see:
attributes, see: Sawa Ryūken (also known as Sawa Taka’aki), ed., Butsuzo zuten http://archive.asia.si.edu/collections/edan/object.php?q=fsg_F1909.98
(Illustrated Dictionary of Buddhist Images), revised, enlarged edition (Tokyo:
22 See: https://tls.uchicago.edu/single-sculpture/188
Yoshikawa Kōbunkan), 1962.
5 See: J.J. Lally & Co., Buddhist Sculpture from Ancient China: Also see: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tang_Stehender_
March 10 - 31, 2017 (New York: J.J. Lally & Co.), 2017, cat. no. 6. Bodhisattva_Museum_Rietberg_RCH_134.jpg
6 See: Jin Shen, ed., Haiwai ji Gang Tai cang lidai foxiang [Treasures of Buddhist 23 See: Henry Trubner, The Arts of the T’ang Dynasty, p. 19, pl. 34; Osvald Siren,
Sculpture in Overseas Collections Including Hong Kong and Taiwan] (Taiyuan: Chinese Sculpture from the Fifth to the Fourteenth Century, pl. 378 A-B.
Shanxi Renmin Chubanshe), 2007, p. 471, upper left corner.
24 See: Angela Falco Howard and He Pingnan, Zhongguo Gudai Shidiao Yishu
7 See: Osvald Sirén, Chinese Sculpture from the Fifth to the Fourteenth Century: [Chinese Buddhist Sculpture from the Wei through the Tang Dynasties]
Over 900 Specimens in Stone, Bronze, Lacquer and Wood, Principally from (Taipei: National Museum of History), 1983, pp. 150-151, no. 22.
Northern China (London: E. Benn), 1925, pl. 396 A-B and pl. 397.
25 See: J.J. Lally & Co., Buddhist Sculpture from Ancient China, cat. no. 15.
8 See: https://www.mfa.org/collections/object/altarpiece-with-amitabha-
26 See: Osvald Sirén, Chinese Sculpture from the Fifth to the Fourteenth
and-attendants-45930
Century, pl. 372 A-B.
9 See: Rene-Yvon Lefebvre d’Argence et al., Chinese, Korean and Japanese
27 For information on Grenville L. Winthrop, see: Dorothy W. Gillerman,
Sculpture in the Avery Brundage Collection (San Francisco: Asian Art
Museum of San Francisco), 1974, pp. 192-193, no. 92, no. B60 B8+. ed., Grenville L. Winthrop: Retrospective for a Collector; Stephan Wolohojian,
ed., A Private Passion: 19th-Century Paintings and Drawings from the Grenville
10 For a bodhisattva holding both a vase and a fy whisk, see Harvard Art L. Winthrop Collection, Harvard University (New York: Metropolitan Museum
Museums, accession number 1943.53.77. of Art), 2003. Christopher Reed, “Unveiled: For the First Time, A Recluse’s
Treasures Go Traveling”, Harvard Magazine, March-April 2003, available at
11 See: J.J. Lally & Co., Buddhist Sculpture from Ancient China, cat. no. 15. https://harvardmagazine.com/2003/03/unveiled.html
12 See: Osvald Sirén, “Chinese Marble Sculptures of the Transition Period”, 28 For information on James W. and Marilynn Alsdorf, see: J.V. Sewell,
Bulletin of the Museum of Far Eastern Antiquities (Stockholm, Sweden), 1940, Chinese Art from the Collection of James W. and Marilynn Alsdorf
no. 12, pp. 486-487, plate V b; Max Loehr, “Aesthetic Delight: An Anthology (Chicago: Arts Club of Chicago), 1970.
of Far Eastern Art”, Apollo (London, England), May 1978, new series, vol. 107,
no. 195, pp. 414-421 (and cover, caption on p. 355).
13 See: Kristin A. Mortimer and William G. Klingelhofer, Harvard University
Art Museums: A Guide to the Collections (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University
Art Museums; and New York: Abbeville Press), 1986, p. 26, no. 20.
14 See: Osvald Sirén, Chinese Sculpture from the Fifth to the Fourteenth
Century, p. 136, pl. 503; Dorothy W. Gillerman, ed., Grenville L. Winthrop:
Retrospective for a Collector (Cambridge, MA: Fogg Art Museum), 1969,
pp. 90-91, no. 72.
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