Page 55 - Deydier VOL.2 Meiyintang Collection of Chinese Bronses

Yi 匜 Thus, the yu, whether ‘small’ or ‘large’, differs primarily from the gui by
The name yi is used to refer to a group of pouring vessels of the straightness of its sides as opposed to the convex body of the gui and by
various forms, with or without feet, with round or flat bodies, the wideness of its mouth and the thickness of its rim which often extends
semi-circular or flat handles and large spouts, often in the outwards from the body of the vessel like an eave.
form of animal heads or stylized animals.
In the classical texts, the yu is described as a vessel used to hold water for
According to the Zuo Zhuan (左傳) or Commentary of Zuo, ‘ablutions’ or ‘washings’. But according to other texts, the yu was used to hold
which was composed before 389 bc. and is one of China’s ice to keep foodstuffs fresh during the summer. Certain scholars consider the
earliest works of narrative history, the yi was used for the ceremonial washing yu to be the predecessor of the large, deep-basin-like vessel jian.
of hands during certain rituals. Some experts believe that the yi was used to
pour water into the pan basin. Of a very large size during the Erligang period, the yu becomes more medium-
sized during the second part of the Shang dynasty and the beginning of the
The yi, whose form was somewhat inspired by the body of the vessel gong, Western Zhou. By the end of the Western Zhou, the yu sometimes attains to
first appears at the end of the Western Zhou, around the 8 century bc. and ten times the holding capacity of a gui. This type of vessel disappears from the
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disappears towards the 4 century bc. repertoire of Chinese bronze vessels during the Spring and Autumn period.
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You 卣 Zhi 觶
The you, a bronze jar-shaped vessel used to store and The zhi is a cup which was used for drinking fermented
transport fermented beverages, consists of a bulging pot-like beverages. The name zhi appears very early in classical books.
body, either ovoid or pear-shaped, supported by a ring foot The zhi is cast with a bulging round body topped by a flared
and topped by a cover and an arch-shaped mobile handle neck and is supported on a ring foot. Very often this vessel has a
which is usually attached to two small ring handles, one on dome-like cover, with or without a knob in its centre.
each side of its body and these in turn are often decorated
with animal heads. Extremely popular by the end of the Shang dynasty, this vessel
disappears around the middle of the Western Zhou dynasty.

The you first appears near the end of the Erligang period of
the Shang dynasty, when it is sometimes mistakenly called a hu in inscriptions.
Quite popular and commonly used from the middle of the Shang dynasty Zun 尊
throughout the early part of the Western Zhou dynasty, the you disappears Under the name zun, a character which early appears in
towards the 9 century bc. inscriptions on ancient bronzes, we find three types of vessels
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used to hold fermented beverages:
An extremely rare variant of the pot-shaped you, is the cylindrical you, of
which only eight examples have been so far recorded. 1 - a wide-shouldered vessel with a large, wide body, a much
narrower, high flaring neck and a high, outwardly sloping ring
foot.
Yu 盂
This vessel comes in two main types, a smaller, usually This form of zun is known in bronze from as early as the Erligang
handleless vessel with long, straight sides that slope inwards period of the early Shang. During the Yinxu period and until the
as they descend. Hayashi calls this the ‘small yu’. The second disappearance of this particular shape of zun in the middle of the period, the
larger type of yu with its deep-bowl-like body, also with long, zun is the most common of the large bronze vessels produced, more so than
straight sides has two handles that jut straight out, one from the lei.
each side of the vessel, before turning upwards towards the
vessel’s upper rim. Hayashi calls this type of yu, the ‘large yu’. The most beautiful and rarest wide-shouldered zun is the fangzun, the square
（See Hayashi M., In Shu Jidai Seidoki no Kenkyu (In Shu Seidoki Soran version of the early zun. The most famous is a fangzun decorated on its four
Ichi), Conspectus of Yin and Zhou Bronzes, Tokyo 1984, Vol. I, p. 24 – 25.） corners with almost full-front-bodied rams with their large, magnificently
horned heads jutting out over the sides of the vessel. This masterpiece was
excavated in 1938 at Ningxiang, Yueshanpu in Hunan province.

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