Page 267 - Chinese and japanese porcelain silk and lacquer Canepa

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pieces, dating to c.1590–1600, have been attributed to Dom João de Almeida. A Mantegna: 1450–1550, London and Mantua, March
850
1992, pp. 253–272.
closely related coat of arms is carved on a stone that is mounted in the entrance hall 843 Some scholars believe that the arms are those of
of the Senate building in Macao (Fig. 3.4.1.1.16). It is believed that this stone, dated António de Albuquerque, high-captain of Paraíba
and Maranhão. For this opinion, see José de
1633, was taken from the St Francisco Fortress when it was demolished in 1866. 851 Campos e Sousa, Loiça Brasonada, Oporto, 1962,
pp. 55–56. The dish is published in Krahl, 2007, p.
There are also two plates, similarly modelled to the aforementioned examples, as well 331, no. 155.
as a small bowl bearing a coat of arms attributed to the Cordero or Cordeiro family, 844 This shard, today housed in the Cologne Museum,
is published in Ulrich Wiesner, Chinesische keramik
whose lineage possibly originated in Asturias, Spain. auf Hormoz. Spuren einer Handelsmetropole im
852
Persischen Golf, series Kleine Monographien, no. 1,
Other pieces, dating to the Wanli/Tianqi reign, include a small number of bottles Museum für Ostasiatische Kunst, Köln, 1979, p. 18;
of square cross-section bearing a coat of arms attributed to the Portuguese families and Jörg, 2008, p. 29, fig. 1.
845 At the beginning of the sixteenth century the
Vilas Boas and Faria, or Vaz in combination with blossoming flowers growing from production of Italian majolica workshops saw
important developments, including a tendency to
rocks typically Chinese in style, which will be discussed in the following pages. 853 use the whole surface of a dish as a canvas for the
Álvaro de Vilas-Boas, a Knight of the Order of S. Tiago who was commended for his painting. See, for example, a bowl with the coat
of arms of Pope Julius II della Rovere and those of
service to the Indian Route, has been most commonly named as the commissioner. 854 the Manzoli family of Bologna, all surrounded by
putti and satyrs, made in Castel Durante in 1508,
A pear-shaped bottle, a two-handled jar and a small dish, all dating to the Tianqi published in Olga Raggio, ‘The Lehman Collection
period, bear a coat of arms that was initially attributed to the city of Macao, but of Italian Maiolica’, The Metropolitan Museum of Art
Bulletin, vol. 14, no. 8 (April, 1956), p. 188.
has now been reattributed to Dom Francisco de Mascarenhas, who as mentioned in 846 The technical characteristics and material qualities
of Kraak porcelain have been discussed elsewhere.
Chapter II served as Captain General and 1st Governor of Macao for three years, from For more information, see Canepa, 2008/2,
1623 to 1626 (Figs. 3.4.1.1.17a and b). The Jingdezhen potters appear to have been pp. 23–26; and Wu, 2013, pp. 77–90.
855
847 For a recent discussion on the iconography and
painted an erroneous rendering of the arms, most probably from a seal on a signet decorative motifs used in the decoration of Kraak
porcelain, see Ibid., pp. 145–164.
ring, on their recessed bases as if they were a reign or potter’s mark. This was not an 848 This group of Kraak armorial pieces became the
innovation, as porcelain pieces marked on their base with a European motif were first focus of the author’s research for the last six years,
and the finds have been published elsewhere.
made in the Zhengde reign. As mentioned earlier, this order of porcelain may be Canepa, 2008/2, pp. 49–54; Canepa, 2008–2009,
856
pp. 68–76; Canepa, 2012/1, pp. 271–276; and
related to the set of seven known hangings dating to the first half of the seventeenth Canepa, 2014/2, pp. 117–118.
century, each embroidered with silk and gilt-paper-wrapped thread in China depicting 849 The arms show some variations. The plate illustrated
here from the British Museum has the arms painted
a scene from the story of the Trojan War, within a border that combines Chinese and in blue on white; but another in the Museu do
Caramulo in Caramulo and a saucer dish in the
European motifs, including at each corner a coat of arms that may also be an erroneous Musée national d’Arts Asiatiques - Guimet in Paris
rendering of the arms of the Mascarenhas family (Figs. 2.3.1.14a and b), discussed have the arms in white on blue. An elephant-shaped
kendi in the Topkapi Saray in Istanbul has the
in Chapter II. arms in white on blue, but painted upside down.
266 Silk, Porcelain and Lacquer
Fig. 3.4.1.1.15 Kraak armorial plate
Jingdezhen kilns, Jiangxi province
Ming dynasty, Wanli reign (1573–1620),
c.1590–1600
Diameter: 20.2cm
British Museum, London
(museum no. OA 1925.5-12.1)
Fig. 3.4.1.1.16 Carved stoned mounted in the
entrance hall of the Senate building in Macao
China, dated 1633
© Francisco Vizheu Pinheiro
Figs. 3.4.1.1.17a and b Kraak armorial bottle
Jingdezhen kilns, Jiangxi province
Ming dynasty, Tianqi reign (1621–1627)
Height: 24.8cm
Princessehof Museum, Leeuwarden
(inv. no. BP 307)
Photo: Johan van der Veer
Fig. 3.4.1.1.18 Kraak armorial plate
Jingdezhen kilns, Jiangxi province
Ming dynasty, Wanli reign (1573–1620),
c.1589–1596
Diameter: 20cm
Private collection, United States
Fig. 3.4.1.1.19 Kraak armorial dish
Jingdezhen kilns, Jiangxi province
Ming dynasty, Tianqi/Chongzhen
reign (1621–1627), c.1625 –1635
Diameter: 50cm
Residenz Museum, Munich (inv. no. 235)
These pieces are published in Harrison-Hall, 2001, The only known armorial Kraak porcelain made for the Spanish market dates
p. 313, no. 11:103; De Castro, 2007, p. 86; Carré, to the Wanli reign. It is a finely potted plate, of similar shape to the Almeida or Melo
Desroches and Goddio 1994, p. 310; and Krahl and
Ayers, Vol. II, 1986, p. 730, no. 1295 and colour plate and Cordero or Cordeiro examples, bearing at the centre the impaled arms of García
p. 460; respectively.
850 Dom João de Almeida, who was from the family of Hurtado de Mendoza, 4th Marquis of Cañete (1535–1609), and his wife, Teresa de
the Counts of Abrantes, settled in Macao in about Castro y de la Cueva (1547–1596) within a panelled border in a private collection
1570 and built a massive and renowned palace. He
was twice captain of the journey to Macao, once in in the United States (Fig. 3.4.1.1.18). This plate appears to be closely tied to the
857
1571–1572 and again in 1581–1582.
851 A similar coat of arms, though without the barred political history of the viceroyalty of Peru. The Marquis of Cañete, a descendant of
helmet and mantling, appears on a portrait of the Cardinal Pedro González de Mendoza (d. 1385) and a member of the richest noble
first Governor and Viceroy of India, Dom Francisco
de Almeida (1450–1510), which was painted by family in Spain, was appointed Governor of Chile in 1557, a post he held until 1559.
an unknown artist in c.1555–1580. The stone
is published in Francisco V. Pinheiro, ‘Using a In 1590, after having fought in Milan and Flanders for Philip II, he returned to the
Comparative Graphic Method in the Analysis of the New World, now as the 8th Viceroy of Peru. He was the first viceroy to bring his
Evolution of the Macao Senate’, Journal of Asian
Architecture and Building Engineering, vol. 4, No. 1, Spanish noble wife to Peru with him. Textual sources indicate that when the new
858
May 2005, p. 76, fig. 31; Canepa, 2008–2009, p. 70,
fig. 7. For the painting, see Sezon Museum of Art, viceroy arrived in 1589, an arch was erected displaying the impaled arms of the viceroy
1993, p. 96, no. 62. and vicereine, alongside those of Lima, representing the symbolic union of the head
852 The arms were initially attributed to the Galego
family from Galicia and later to the Lobo family. city with the new rulers of the kingdom. The armorial plate was most probably
859
Recent research has shown that the arms correspond
exactly to the fourth variant of the Cordero family ordered via Manila during the time García Hurtado de Mendoza was Viceroy of Peru,
arms published in the book Heraldica de los between 1589 and 1596, and would have served to display the couple’s high social
apellidos asturianos. For this opinion, see Pinto
de Matos, 2011, p. 170. The arms, also showing stance within the viceregal court of Lima.
Trade in Chinese Porcelain 267