Page 289 - Chinese and japanese porcelain silk and lacquer Canepa

928 Published in Tan, 2007, p. 153, no. 151. A flowerpot beermugs’, in the letter sent from Batavia to Tayouan on 3 July 1635. Thus far they
954
of similar shape is found in the National Museum in
Jakarta. Mentioned in Crick, 2000, p. 30. are the only extant examples that provide material evidence of porcelain of the Kraak
929 Viallé, 1992, p. 10; and Jörg, 1999, p. 31.
930 Mentioned in Jörg, 1993, p. 186. type being decorated with the typical Kraak panelled style or with the new so-called
931 VOC 857. Cited in Viallé, 1992, p. 11. Transitional style consisting of a continuous Chinese narrative scene. It is likely that
955
932 VOC 1116. Cited in Viallé, 1992, p. 13.
933 Mentioned in Ibid., p. 10. these beer mugs were both made at the Shibaqiao kiln in Jingdezhen, where shards
934 There is a small jug made after a European shape
with Kraak style panelled decoration, but no model of both Kraak porcelain and the so-called Transitional porcelain have been excavated
of this particular shape dating to the late sixteenth (Appendix 2). An apparently unique blue-and-white porcelain jug (handle missing)
956
or early seventeenth centuries was found during the
research for this study. Jugs of related shape can be made in rather coarse Kraak porcelain dating to the Tianqi/Chongzhen reign, also in
found in Dutch pewter or tin-glazed earthenware
dating to the eighteenth century or later. The the Groninger Museum, can be related by stylistic comparison to the aforementioned
whereabouts of this jug is unknown, thus it was not beer mugs (Fig. 3.4.2.1.8). This jug, most probably made after a Dutch pewter
957
possible to study it at first hand to determine if it
is indeed Kraak porcelain. For an image of the jug, or tin-glazed earthenware model that in turn copied a German stoneware jug of the
see Effie B. Allison, ‘Chinese Ceramics carried by
The Dutch East India Company’, Arts of Asia, vol. first quarter of the seventeenth century (Fig. 3.4.2.1.9), is decorated with Kraak style
7, no. 6, November-December 1977, p. 86 (top left- panels on the neck and body, but those on the body alternately enclose flowers in a
hand side image). The jug is mentioned in Canepa,
2008/2, p. 26. pond and landscape scenes with Chinese figures in the so-called Transtional style. This
935 Jörg, 2002/2003, pp. 20–21, fig. 2.
936 Published in Kerr and Mengoni, 2011, p. 21, pl. 14. jug without spout may be of the type that the VOC servants in Batavia complained in
937 Mentioned in Jörg, 2002/2003, p. 20. the 1635 letter to Tayouan, saying that ‘The kannekens met pijpen [jugs with spouts]
938 Published in Pinto de Matos, 2011, pp. 194–195,
no. 75. and without spouts are too coarse, and without proportion’. Jugs without spouts
958
939 Published in J. W. Frederiks, Dutch Silver.
Wrought Plate of North and South-Holland from appear again in a memorandum sent by the Gentlemen Seventeen in Amsterdam to
the Renaissance until the end of the Eighteenth Batavia on 12 April 1638, which specified the assortments of porcelain that were most
Century, vol. 2, The Hague, 1958, p. 53, no. 176; and
Ann Jensen Adams, ‘Two Forms of Knowledge: in demand in the Dutch Republic. They are listed as ‘200 large cruijcken [pitchers]
Invention and Production in Thomas de Keyser’s
Portrait of a Young Silversmith, Sijmon Valckenaer’, or wine jugs with one ear without spouts like the largest kind of jugs received from
in Amy Golahny, Mia. M. Mochizuki and L. Vergara Tayouan in 1637’.
959
(eds.), In His Milieu: Essays on Netherlandish Art
in Memory of John Michael Montias, Amsterdam, In this reign, the Jingdezhen potters also made to order for the Dutch pieces of
2006, p. 33, fig. 3 (in the text this image is referred
to as fig. 2). I am grateful to Dr. Jet Pijzel-Dommise, porcelain after European shapes decorated solely in the so-called Transitional style.
Geementemuseum, for bringing this salt to my These included salts, tankards, beer mugs, beakers, mustard pots and candlesticks.
attention.
940 The shape of a pair of German parcel-gilt salts made Only two extant porcelain salts are known, and both are of triangular shape. These
by Peter van Ixem, Frankenthal, formerly in the
Rothschild-Rosebery Collection, dating to the early salts are found in the Groninger Museum (Fig. 3.4.2.1.10) and the Peabody Essex
seventeenth century, is closely related to that of the Museum. The shape of the Groninger example is a direct copy of a Dutch silver
960
porcelain salts discussed here. This pair was sold at
Fig. 3.4.2.1.7 Kraak and Transitional style auction in Sotheby’s London, Mentmore sale, on 11 or pewter salt model, as evidenced by the example depicted in a still life painting
blue-and-white beer mugs February 1999, lot 50.
961
Jingdezhen kilns, Jiangxi province 941 About ninety English salts of all sorts of shapes, by J. Ferdenandez. Just as ordering other porcelains in European shape, salts too,
Ming dynasty, Chongzhen reign (1628–1644) dating from the late sixteenth to the mid- were made after models of turned wood provided by the Dutch. Such models were
Height: 17cm seventeenth century, are known to have survived.
I am greatly indebted to Philippa Glanville for
Groninger Museum, Groningen providing me with information regarding English first given by the VOC to Chinese merchants in 1635. Wooden models were given
(inv. nos. 1986–0416 and 1982–0002) salts. English salts with four sides or of round shape again in 1638. That year, the Gentlemen Seventeen sent the memorandum to Batavia
were more common in the sixteenth century. I am mentioned above, specifying the quantity consumed annually if they conformed to the
Fig. 3.4.2.1.8 Kraak jug (handle missing) grateful to Malcolm Barret and David Beasley, The
Jingdezhen kilns, Jiangxi province Goldmisths’ Company in London, for providing me samples, which listed ‘200 salt cellars like the accompanying wooden sample, one half a
Ming dynasty, Tianqi/Chongzhen reign with information and an image of a silver-gilt salt of little raised, ribbed like the large panels on the border of the double-sized butterdishes
hexagonal shape with domed cover, with London
(1621–1644) Hallmark for 1550 and the mark of W over a crescent.
962
Height: 27.2cm Published in Michael Clayton, The Collector’s No 1 and the other half not ribbed plain’. Orders for salts were placed by the VOC
Groninger Museum, Groningen Dictionary of Silver and Gold of Great Britain and again in 1639 and 1643, but only 323 salts were shipped to the Dutch Republic. It
963
(inv. no. 1989-0329) North America, London, New York, Sydney and
Toronto, 1971, p. 230, no. 441. is unclear if the aforementioned porcelain salts were part of these VOC shipments or
Fig. 3.4.2.1.9 Stoneware jug 942 Examples of related hexagonal form with open sides if they were ordered privately. 964
bearing the crescents of King Henry II of France (r.
Germany, c.1600–1625 1547–1559) made in lead-glazed earthenware at Tankards are first mentioned in the letter sent in July 1635 from Batavia to
Height: 20cm Saint-Porchaire or Paris region between 1540 and
Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen, Rotterdam 1560 can be found in the Musée Louvre in Paris and Tayouan discussed earlier. It is clear that the Hoge Regering in Batavia felt that
(acc. no. F 572 (KN&V) the Victoria and Albert Museum (museum no. 1189– tankards would be well received in the Dutch Republic. They appear again, listed
965
1864). The Louvre examples are published in Une
Fig. 3.4.2.1.10 Transitional style Orfevrerie de Terr. Bernard Palissy et la céramique as snellekens, in the invoice for the goods shipped in the Noordwyck from Formosa
de Saint-Porchaire, exhibition catalogue, Musée
blue-and-white salt national de la Renaissance, Chateau d’Ecouen, 1997, to Batavia in October of that same year. A memorial dated September 1636, lists
966
Jingdezhen kilns, Jiangxi province cats. 25 and 26. For a Dutch hexagonal salt made
Ming dynasty, Chongzhen reign (1628–1644) in Delft in the first half of the seventeenth century, ‘735 small flasks, wine-jugs and snelletjes, new assortment 269¾ reals’ among a large
Height: 15.5cm and another made in the mid-seventeenth century quantity of porcelain shipped from Formosa by the Gallias, Texel and Noordwyck to
Groninger Museum, Groningen decorated with an imitation of Chinese decorative Batavia and from there to the Dutch Republic. Until now two models of tankards
967
(inv. no. 1988-0041) motifs, see Johannes Rein ter Molen, Zout op

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