Page 301 - Chinese and japanese porcelain silk and lacquer Canepa

still life painting by Frans Ryckhals illustrated earlier (Fig. 3.4.2.1.15). Ten mustard
981
pots of these two shapes were recovered from the Hatcher junk (c.1643): 4 globular, 2
baluster and 4 baluster and ribbed.
982
Wooden models of candlesticks were also provided in 1635 and 1638. This latter
year, the VOC ordered ‘200 candlesticks like the accompanying sample of turned
wood, one half like the abovementioned butterdishes No 1 and the mustard pot of
ribbed wood, and the other half inside’. A few shapes of heavily potted porcelain
983
candlesticks made during the Tianqi and Chongzhen reigns have been recorded. Of
984
particular interest are those with a high-bell foot surmounted by a broad drip pan and
a tall hollow stem made in the so-called Transitional porcelain (Fig. 3.4.2.1.28). 985
The shape is after a silver 986 or pewter model that was commonly used in the Dutch
Fig. 3.4.2.2.3 Polychrome tin-glazed Republic in the late sixteenth century, as evidenced by the examples of various sizes
987
earthenware wall-tiles
Dutch Republic, c.1600–1650 found among the merchandise intended for the Asian market recovered in 1877 from
Dimensions: 27cm x 27cm x 3.4cm the ruins of the Behouden Huys (the secure house) on the Russian Artic island of Nova
Museum Boijmans van Beuningen
Rotterdam (acc. no. A 6100 (KN&V)) Zembla, which was abandoned in 1597 by the failed third expedition of the Dutch
navigator and cartographer Willem Barentsz (1549–1597) and Jacob van Heemskerck
to find a northeast passage to China (Fig. 3.4.2.1.29). Porcelain candlesticks of this
988
Old Master Paintings in London, for providing
me with information and the present location of shape may be decorated with a continuous Chinese narrative scene round the foot
this painting. and stylized tulip and other flowers on the stem and candleholder, or all over with the
953 No extant model of this exact shape dating to the
late sixteenth or early seventeenth century was new design of sparse branches of flowers and leaves. Although the latter decoration
989
found during the research for this study. German
stoneware examples of similar shape, dating to relates closely to that seen on baluster ribbed mustard pots from the Hatcher junk
c.1650–1700, can be found in the Rijksmuseum (c.1643), no candlesticks were recovered from the shipwreck.
in Amsterdam (inv. nos. BK-NM-2003 and BK-
KOG-573). There is one other porcelain shape made to order for the Dutch in the Chongzhen
954 VOC 857. Cited in Viallé, 1992, p. 11.
955 Published in Jörg, 2002/03, p. 22, fig. 6. reign that is of particular interest to this study. It is the square wall-tile (Fig. 3.4.2.1.30),
956 Huang, 2009-2010, pp. 95–96. which copied tin-glazed earthenware tiles with blue decoration made in the Dutch
957 First published in Jörg, 1990, p. 62, fig. 11.
958 VOC 857. Cited in Viallé, 1992, pp. 10 and 11. Republic from about 1620 onwards (Fig. 3.4.2.1.31). Such square wall-tiles, decorated
959 VOC 316. Cited in Viallé, 1992, pp. 15 and 18.
960 As seen here, the Groninger salt has solid sides, with flowers or scenes from daily life, were commonly used as architectural elements
while that in the Peabody Essex has open sides. in the chimneys, corridors, staircases, kitchens and lintels of houses. The Jingdezhen
For a discussion on the Groninger salt, see Jörg,
2002/03, p. 22, fig. 7; and Jörg, 2003, p. 42, no. 18. potters, who were accustomed to make square tiles with underglaze blue decoration
For the Peabody Essex salt, see Sargent, 2012,
pp. 76–77, no. 16. Two further Wanli salts have for the Chinese domestic market, copied faithfully the proportions (about 13cm x
been mentioned in current literature, but these 13cm) and thickness of the Dutch wall-tile model. The porcelain painters, however,
990
are small cups fitted with gilt brass set with pearls,
turquoises and precious stones. These cups, housed created a hybrid design combining both European and Chinese motifs. The overall
at Rosenborg Palace, are mentioned in Jørgen Hein
and Peter Kristiansen, Rosenborg Castle. A Guide blue-and-white design is clearly taken from the Dutch model, with a fleur-de-lis to
Fig. 3.4.2.2.1 Transitional style to the Danish Royal Collections, Copenhagen, 1999, each corner, but the single European figure depicted at the centre is replaced by the
blue-and-white vase p. 17, no. 234. I am grateful to Peter Kristiansen
Jingdezhen kilns, Jiangxi province for providing me with images of the cups for figure of an Asian warrior, probably Chinese. Blue-and-white porcelain tiles made for
Ming dynasty, Chongzhen reign (1628–1644) research purposes. the domestic market can also show a single figure at the centre, such as a scholar or
c.1635-1640 961 Pubished in Vroom, 1945, p. 180, no. 167. Silver
triangular salts of related shape are also known,
991
Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam as evidenced in the example dating to the mid- a Daoist philosopher. It is unclear whether this change fulfilled a specific request
(museum no. AK-RAK-1989-14-B) seventeenth century in a private collection, which made by Dutch merchants to make the porcelain wall-tiles more exotic and slightly
has a triangular top with a circular receptacle for
Figs. 3.4.2.2.2a, b and c Verzameling van een the salt supported by three columns, a triangular different from those made in tin-glazed earthenware or if it was a creative licence taken
meenigte tulipaanen, naar het leven geteekend base, all standing on three shell feet. Published in by the porcelain decorators. It is likely that this type of porcelain wall-tile was ordered
Frederiks, 1954, p. 75, no. 233.
met hunne naamen, en swaarte der bollen, zoo 962 VOC 316. Cited in Viallé, 1992, p. 19. for use in building projects undertaken at Batavia in 1638 and 1648, as the city grew
als die publicq verkogt zijn, te Haarlem in den 963 Mentioned in Jörg, 2002/03, p. 22.
jaare A. 1637, door P. Cos, bloemist te Haarlem 964 Mentioned in Ibid. rapidly due to the expanding activities of the VOC.
992
Tulip Book of P. Cos, published in 1637 965 VOC 857. Cited in Viallé, 1992, p. 11.
Wageningen UR Library, Special Collections 966 Volker, 1954, p. 38.
(R362B03 Bot. ill.) 967 Ibid., p. 39. European Motifs [3.4.2.2]
968 Surviving tankards of this shape with silver mounts
can, for instance, be found in the Museum Flehite It appears that the Dutch, unlike the Portuguese and Spanish, had no desire to have
Fig. 3.4.2.2.4 Polychrome tin-glazed in Amersfoort, the Hamburg Museum, and the
earthenware wall-tile Ashmolean Museum in Oxford. Published in family coat of arms or emblems as decorative motifs on the porcelain made to order
Dutch Republic, c.1630 D.F. Lunsingh Scheurleer, Chine de Commande, for them at Jingdezhen in the 1630s and early 1640s. VOC documents, however, show
Dimensions: 13.2cm x 13.2cm Lochem, 1989, p. 72, fig. 50; D.F Lunsingh that the Company repeatedly tried to influence the production at Jingdezhen in main
Private collection, The Netherlands Scheurleer, Chinesisches und Japanisches Porzellan

300 Trade in Chinese Porcelain 301