Page 69 - Art In The Age Of Exploration (Great Section on Chinese Art Ming Dynasty)

N O T E S
1. See Nehemia Levtzion, Ancient Ghana and Mali 13. P. E. H. Hair, "From language to culture: some Sede Apostolica nelle prima meta del xv secolo,"
(reprint ed., New York and London, 1980), 65—66. problems in the systematic analysis of the ethnohis- Africa xxn 3 (1967), 247-285; Teobaldo Filesi, "Le
2. See Massing essay "Observations and Beliefs: The torical records of the Sierra Leone Region," in The relazioni tra il regno del Congo e la Sede Apostolica
World of the Catalan Atlas" in this catalogue. Population Factors in African Studies, eds. Rowland nel xvi secolo," Africa xxn 4 (1967), 413-460.
3. See N. Levtzion and J. F. P. Hopkins, Corpus of early P. Moss and R. J. A. R. Rathbone (London, 1974), 23. The manuscript is preserved in the Archive nacional
Arabic sources for West African history (Cambridge, 71-83; P. E. H. Hair, "An Ethnolinguistic Inventory da Torre do Tombo, Lisbon, Leis, mac,o 2, 25, and is
1981), 289-297. of the Lower Guinea Coast before 1700: Part i," Afri- reproduced in Antonio Brasio, Monumenta Missio-
4. See The Cambridge History of Africa, 3 (Cambridge, can Language Review 7 (1968), 47-73. naria Africana, Africa Ocidental, 1471—1531, i
62
1-977)' 4 5~4 - 14. Kunz Dittmer, "Bedeutung, Datierung und Kultur- (Lisbon, 1952), 228-246.
1
5. Leone Africano, "Delia descrizione dell'Africa e delle historische Zusammenhange der 'prahistorischen' 24. Rui de Pina, Chronica d'El Rey Dom Jodo n (Lisbon,
cose notabili che quivi sono per Giovan Lioni Africa- Steinfiguren aus Sierra Leone und Guine," Baessler 1792), 148. The same words are used by Garcia de
no/' in Primo volume delle navigationi et viaggi nel Archiv, N. F. xv (1967); Aldo Tagliaferri and Arno Resende and Jeronimo Osorio in reports from the
qual si contiene la descrittione dell'Africa, et del Hammacher, Fabulous Ancestors (Milan and New same period as Rui de Pina's chronicle.
paese del Prete lanni, con vari viaggi..., ed. Gio. York, 1974); Frederick J. Lamp, "House of Stones: 25. Ezio Bassani, "Antichi Avori Africani nelle collezioni
Battista Ramusio (Venice, 1550); and Leo Africanus, Memorial Art of Fifteenth-Century Sierra Leone," medicee," Critica d'Arte, 143 (1975), 68-80 and 144
The history and description of Africa and the not- Art Bulletin LXV 2 (1983), 219-237; Aldo Tagliaferri, (1975), 6-23.
able things therein contained done into English in Stili del Potere, Antiche sculture in Pietra dalla 26. Pacheco Pereira, 1905, 134.
the year 1600 by John Pory, Robert Brown, ed. Sierra Leone e dalla Guinea (Milan, 1989). 27. Archivo nacional da Torre do Tombo, Lisbon, Corpo
(London, 1846), 3:825. 15. Fernandes 1951, 75. Cronologico, II, 15-77. The author is grateful to the
6. Roderick J. Mclntosh and Susan Keech Mclntosh, 16. Ekpo Eyo and Frank Willett, Treasures of Ancient late Admiral Avelino Teixeira de Mota for making
"Terracotta Statuettes from Mali/' African Arts xn 2 Nigeria: Legacy 0/2000 Years [exh. cat., Detroit this document available.
(February 1979), 51-53; Bernard de Grunne, Terres Institute of Arts] (New York, 1980). 28. Paolo M. Terzago, Musaeum Septalianum Manfredi
Cuites Anciennes de I'Quest Africain (Louvain-la- 17. Leo Frobenius, The Voice of Africa (New York, 1968), Septalae Patritii Mediolanensis industrioso labore
Neuve, 1980); Susan Keech Mclntosh and Roderick 1:323-349. constructum (Tortona, 1664), 131.
J. Mclntosh, Prehistoric Investigation in the Region 18. Frank Willett, Ife in the History of West African 29. William Fagg, Afro-Portuguese Ivories (London,
of Jenne, Mali (Oxford, 1980); Bernardo Bernardi Sculpture (New York, 1967), 110-118; Frank Willett, *959)-
and Bernard de Grunne, Terra d'Africa, Terra d'Arch- "A missing millennium? From Nok to Ife and 30. Ezio Bassani and William Fagg, Africa and the
eologia — La grande scultura in terracotta del Mali- beyond," in Arte in Africa — Realta e prospettive Renaissance —Art in Ivory (New York, 1988); see
Djenne vn-xvisec. (Rome, 1990). nello studio della storia delle arti africane, ed. Ezio also Kathy Curnow, The Afro-Portuguese Ivories:
7. Roderick L. Mclntosh, "Middle Niger Terracottas Bassani (Modena, 1986), 87—100. Classification and Stylistic Analysis of a Hybrid Art
before the Symplegades Gateway," African Arts xxn 19. Jacob Egharevba, A Short History of Benin, 3d ed. Form (Ph.D. diss., Indiana University, 1983).
2 (February 1989), 74-83. (Ibadan, 1980); R. E. Bradbury, Benin Studies, ed. 31. Archivo Nacional da Torre do Tombo, Lisbon, Nucleo
8. Rene A. Bravmann, Islam and Tribal Africa (Cam- Peter Morton-Williams (Oxford, 1973); Henry John Antigo, 799, reproduced in A. F. C. Ryder, "A note
bridge, 1974). Drewal and John Pemberton in, with Rowland Abio- of the Afro-Portuguese Ivories," Journal of African
9. Walter Rodney, "A Reconsideration of the Mane dun, Yoruba — Nine Centuries of African Art and History v 3 (1964), 353-365 and in A. Teixeira da
Invasions of Sierra Leone/' Journal of African His- Thought, ed. Allen Wardwell (New York, 1989). Mota, "Gli avori africani nella documentazione por-
tory, vni 2 (1967), 218. 20. See inter alia, William Fagg, Divine Kingship in toghese dei secoli xv-xvn," Africa xxx 4 (1975), 580-
10. A. Alvarez de Almada, "Tratado Breve dos Rios de Africa (London, 1970), 12-20; Babatunde Lawal, 589.
Guine do Cabo Verde desde o Rio do Sanaga ate aos "The Present State of Art Historical Research in 32. Fernandes 1951, 96. See also Pacheco Pereira 1905,
Baixos de Sant'Anna" (Lisbon, 1594), in Rodney Nigeria: Problems and Possibilities," Journal of Afri- 9 6.
1967, 238. can History, xvm 2 (1977), 193-216; and P. T. 33. James Welsh, "A voyage to Benin beyond the coun-
11. Valentim Fernandes, Description de la Cote Occiden- Craddock and J. Picton, "Medieval Copper Alloy trey of Guinea made by Master James Welsh, who
tale d'Afrique (Senegal au Cap de Monte, Archi- Production and West African Bronze Analyses — set forth in the yeere 1588," in The Principal Navi-
pels), T. Monod, A. Teixeira da Mota and R. Mauny, Part n," Archaeometry 28, i (1986), 3-32. gation Voyages Traffiques and Discoveries of the
eds. and trans. (Bissau, 1951), 96; Duarte Pacheco 21. Eyo and Willett 1980, 14-17. English Nation, ed. R. Hakluyt (London, 1904), 252.
Pereira, Esmeraldo de Situ Orbis, Augusto Epifanio 22. Georges Balandier, La Vie Quotidienne au Royaume 34. Bassani 1975.
da Silva Dias, ed. (Lisbon, 1905), 96. de Kongo du xvf au xviif Siecle (Paris, 1965); Teo- 35. Bassani and Fagg 1988, 109.
12. Alvarez 1594, in Rodney 1967, 240. baldo Filesi, "Le relazioni tra il regno del Congo e la

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