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on a diplomatic mission to Susa” (Gleason L. Archer Jr., “Daniel,” in The Expositor’s Bible
Commentary, vol. 7, Frank E. Gaebelein, ed. [Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1985], 96). But Wood
writes, “The wording favors the idea that Daniel was not actually in Shushan, but that he saw
himself in the vision as being there” (Leon Wood, A Commentary on Daniel [Grand Rapids:
Zondervan, 1973], 207).
6 Josephus is also the source of the story that Daniel built a building at Ecbatana in Media in
which later the kings of Media, Persia, and Parthis were buried. Cf. Montgomery’s discussion
on the tomb of Daniel at Susa, and the tradition that Daniel built a tower at Ecbatana (James
A. Montgomery, A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Book of Daniel, The International
Critical Commentary [Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1927], 10–11, 325). Cf. Josephus, The
Complete Works of Flavius Josephus, William Whiston, trans. (Chicago: Thompson & Thomas,
1901), 320.
7 Montgomery, Daniel, 325–26.
8 Samuel Rolles Driver, The Book of Daniel, The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1900), 111.
9 Wood, Daniel, 207.
10 Montgomery, Daniel, 327.
11 Archer, “Daniel,” 96.
12 For details on the excavations at Susa, see E. M. Blaiklock and R. K. Harrison, The New
International Dictionary of Biblical Archaeology (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1983), 426–30; M. F.
Unger, New Unger’s Bible Dictionary, R. K. Harrison, ed. (Chicago: Moody, 1988), 227.
13 Young, Daniel, 178.
14 For a brief history of Medo-Persia, see John Walvoord, The Nations in Prophecy (Grand
Rapids: Zondervan, 1967), 70ff.
15 “By thrusting westward and northward in Asia Minor [Cyrus] bypassed Babylon, only to
capture it later and take lands to the south-west and south-east” (Joyce C. Baldwin, Daniel,
Tyndale Old Testament Commentaries [Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity, 1978], 156).
16 Carl Friedrich Keil, Biblical Commentary on the Book of Daniel, M. G. Easton, trans. (Grand
Rapids: Eerdmans, 1955), 290.
17 Ibid., 291.
18 F. Cumont, “La plus Ancienne geographie astrologique,” Klio 9 (1909): 263–73.
19 Driver, Daniel, 113.
