Page 19 - Christ and Culture Textbook

“Their rejection of culture is easily combined with a suspicion of nature and nature’s God… ultimately
they are tempted to divide the world in the material realm governed by a principle opposed to Christ
and a spiritual realm governed by the spiritual God”

2. The Christ of Culture
Christ of Culture is uncritical view that accommodates perspectives and affirms both Christ and culture
while denying opposition between the two. Christianity and culture become fused regardless of
differences. Christians Feels no great tension between church and the world, social laws, and the
Gospel. Culture is interpreted through Christ and Christ is interpreted through culture. These people
seek to maintain fellowship not only with believers with also with unbelievers.

Prime Example of Christ of Culture: The ideas of Albrecht Ritschl (19th century)
 No real conflict except between culture and nature synchronization of the two realms.
 God and man have in common the task of realizing the kingdom of God.
 God works through the human community through Christ and through conscience, rather than
on it from outside.
 Jesus Christ is the great leader of the spiritual, cultural cause of man’s struggle to subdue
nature, and of his aspirations to transcend it.

Strengths: People tend to feel that only those who refuse to adapt to culture can make an
impact on culture (blood of martyrs). However, history testifies that people were attracted to
Christ also because of the “harmony of the Christian message with the moral and religious
philosophy of their best teachers”. Also this group of people tend to attach themselves to many
positions in society where they have the potential to make a deep impact in the lives of people.

Weakness: Niebuhr’s biggest problem with this view lies in distortion of Christ when seen with
the intention to make Jesus conform to the best of society. We are left with a non-authentic
view of Jesus.

3. Christ above Culture
Christ above Culture is an attempt at a synthesis of the two extreme positions. The gospel validates the
best of culture while rejecting what is antithetical to the gospel. Culture is a preliminary training for the
word of God. This view does not make the ‘battle’ between Christ and culture, but rather it sees the
‘battle’ between God and man (Holy God vs sinful man). The advocates stress that God orders culture,
and thus culture is neither good nor bad. When man sins, his rebellion against God is expressed in
cultural (actual) terms, yet that doesn’t mean that culture is bad. Culture, they say, is sustained by God,
and they see the harmony (synthesis) between Christ and culture as the best way to address the
‘problem.’ Niebuhr notes, “They cannot separate the works of human culture from the grace of God, for
all those works are possible only by grace. But neither can they separate the experience of grace from
cultural activity; for how can men love the unseen God in response to His love without serving the
visible brother in human society?”

Prime Example of Christ above Culture: The ideas of Thomas Aquinas (13th century)

 The divine law revealed by God through His prophets and above all through His Son is partly
coincident with the natural law, and partly transcends it.
 God’s rule is established in the nature of things, and man must build on the established
foundation.

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