Page 164 - Microsoft Word - B.Tech. Course Structure (R20) WITH 163 CREDITS

Independence, DBMS system architecture, challenges in building a DBMS, various components of a
DBMS.

UNIT-II: E/R Model
Conceptual Data Modeling – motivation, entities, entity types, various types of attributes, relationships,
relationship
types, Entity set types, Participation constraints, E/R diagram notation, Extended E/R Model, Examples
Conceptual Data Modeling – motivation, entities, entity types, various types of attributes, relationships,
relationship
types, Entity set types, Participation constraints, E/R diagram notation, Extended E/R Model, Examples
Conceptual Data Modeling - motivation, entities, entity types, various types of attributes, relationships,
relationship types, Entity set types, Participation constraints, E/R diagram notation, Extended E/R Model,
Examples.

UNIT-III: Relational Data Model
Concepts of relations, schema-instance distinction, keys, referential integrity & foreign keys, converting
the database specification in ER notation to the relational schema, Relational algebra operators: selection,
projection, cross product, various types of joins, division, set operations, example queries, tuple relational
calculus, domain relational calculus, Fundamentals of SQL.

UNIT-VI: Relational Database Design
Importance of a good schema design, problems encountered with bad schema designs, motivation for
normal forms, dependency theory - functional dependencies, Armstrong's axioms for FD's, closure of a set
of FD's, minimal covers, Normalization, Normal Forms - INF, 2NF, 3NF and BCNF, decompositions and
desirable properties of them, multi valued dependencies and 4NF, join dependencies and 5NF, Concept of
Denormalization.

UNIT-V: Transaction Processing,Data Storage & Indexing
Transaction processing and Error recovery-Concepts of transaction processing, ACID properties,
concurrency control, Serializability, locking based protocols, Timestamp based protocols, recovery and
logging methods.
Data Storage and Indexes - File organizations, primary, secondary index structures, various index
structures - hasb based, dynamic hashing techniques, multi-level indexes, B and B-trees.

References:
5. K. A. Navas, “Electronics Lab Manual”, Volume I, PHI, 5th Edition, 2015,
ISBN:9788120351424
6. Cyril Prasanna Raj P., “CMOS digital circuit design manual”, Volume 1, MSEC E-publication,
Edition 2016

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