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Auditory processing disorder or (APD) is a
    hearing condition that affects a child’s ability to
                                                           HOW TO SUPPORT & TREAT?
    sort through the sounds he/she hears.
                                                           Speech therapy to improve perception of
                                                             individual sounds in words.
                                                                                                             WHAT ARE THE CAUSES?
                                                           Placing the child near the teacher, away
      Trouble following spoken instructions.                from noisy doors Kelly, (2017).                  (VPI) is caused by neurodevelopmental disorders
                                                         Audiologist, teachers of the deaf and speech         ,  such  as  dyslexia  and  autism,  which  cause  the
      Difficulty with hearing & speaking in noisy       & language therapist can offer advice about:
        places.                                                                                               brain  to  find  it  difficult  to  remember    what  the
                                                           Auditory training programs, exercises             words looks like  Eden, (2018).
      Poor academic performance.                            and strategies to help a child to become
      Difficulty  in recognizing the letter sounds or       a better listener.                              How  is it diagnosed?
        sounding out new words.                            Minimizing the effects of APD at home             According to Sirimanna, (2014) If there is a suspi-
      Struggle to follow conversation and respond           and at school.
        to spoken words   KELLY, (2017).                                       Sirimanna, (2014).             cion that a learner is having difficulty distinguish-
                                                                                                              ing  signs, words, trouble recalling initially per-
     WHAT ARE THE CAUSES?                                                                                     ceived words, teachers can request a VPI assess-

   According to Sirimanna, (2014) (APD) is caused                                                             ment.
   by neurodevelopmental disorders, such as dys-                                                             HOW TO SUPPORT LEARNERS?
                                                            A  visual processing ISSUE (VPI)  is associ-
   lexia, brain injury, or autism.                          ated with the delayed capacity to perceive       Help may include: vision therapy and handouts with
                                                            information received through the sense of
      HOW IS IT DIAGNOSED?                                                                                   simple directions & images.
                                                            vision  through the sense of vision.
     If there is a suspicion of a language disorder                             Janarthanan, (2017).        Direction written in different color.
       or cognitive difficulty  an APD assessment                                                            Color-code important information. Janarthanan, (2017).
                                                             WHAT ARE THE  SYMPTOMS?
       can be requested Sirimanna, (2014).
                                                          It is different from vision problems and can-
                                                            not be corrected by wearing classes.
                                                          Kids with (VPI) may often complain of blurry
                                                            vision or of letters dancing around on the
                                                            page.
                                                          Often reverse letters when writing and strug-
                                                            gle to stay within lines.
                                                          Trouble telling the difference between size,
                                                            shape & color.
                                                          Difficulty judging distance.     KELLY, (2017).

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