Page 154 - Gobierno ivisible

Date: 4/5/2011 Page: 154 of 237

Despite the possible loss of academic freedom, most universities and professors have shown little reluctance
to work for the CIA. The agency has been able to obtain the services of almost all of the academic
institutions and individuals it has approached.

Harvard has refused to accept money for classified projects, but some of its faculty members have done
research for the CIA by the simple expedient of funneling their work through the Center for International
Studies at the nearby Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

The MIT Center, which was set up with CIA money in 1950, has adopted many of the practices in effect at
the CIA headquarters in Virginia. An armed guard watches over the door and the participating
academicians must show badges on entering and leaving.

The Center was founded by Walt Whitman Rostow, an economics professor who served in the OSS in
World War II and later as the chief of the State Department's Policy Planning Staff in the Kennedy and
Johnson Administrations. In 1952 Max F. Millikan, another economist, became the director of the Center
after a two-year tour of duty as an assistant director of the CIA in Washington.

In a practice which has subsequently become standard procedure at MIT and elsewhere, Rostow and his
colleagues produced a CIA-financed book, The Dynamics of Soviet Society, in 1953. It was published in two
versions, one classified for circulation within the intelligence community, the other "sanitized" for public
consumption.

One of Rostow's subordinates at the Center was Andreas F. Lowenfeld, who became a legal adviser in the
State Department under Kennedy and Johnson. Lowenfeld was questioned about his work at MIT in
testimony before the Senate Internal Security Subcommittee on June 12., 1962:

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SOURWlNE (Subcommittee counsel): Were you ever, Mr. Lowenfeld, connected in any way with the CIA?

LOWENFELD: Not in any direct way. The reason that I hesitate in my answer is that I was connected with the
Center for International Studies at MIT.

SOURWINE: That was during what period of time?

LOWENFELD: That was 1951-1952. And they had some kind of contract with the CIA. So that it is conceivable
that I was cleared by them.

SOURWlNE: Yes.

LOWENFELD: But I never formally worked for them.

SOURWINE: Did you know that the Center for International Studies was a CIA operation?

LOWENFELD: I was never formally told, but it became apparent.

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