Page 44 - Hussein Revivalism14
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        policies to meet the specific
        demands of Muslim immigrants.       The practice of Islam has been almost
        Where as, for the past few
        years, the practice of Islam        invisible to mainstream society.
        has been almost invisible to
        mainstream society, Muslims         mentioned countries.                estimate that there are
        are increasingly demanding          The migratory movements of          700,000 German pupils
        their right to practise their       foreign labour to the Federal       with a Muslim background
        religion openly and articulate      Republic of Germany were            currently in school and higher
        their interests through the         a result of a combination of        education in Germany. The
        construction of mosques and         different push and pull factors.    latest PISA studies provide
        Islamic cemeteries and the          Rapid population growth             evidence that immigrants and
        celebration of religious holidays,   in Islamic Mediterranean           children of immigrants do not
        among other matters. (1)            countries was coupled with          perform as well in German
        Muslims first came to Germany       rising unemployment caused by  schools as those with German
        in large numbers with the           the increasing use of modern        backgrounds. They are much
        economic upturn in the mid          machinery and equipment             more likely to be in the lower
        1950s and the resulting             in the agricultural sector that     division schools of the German
        necessity to compensate for         made large numbers of workers  three fold school system and
        the structurally conditioned        redundant, who could not be         to leave education without a
        domestic labour shortage by         sufficiently absorbed by other      diploma. In German schools,
        recruiting foreign workers.         economic sectors. This became  three times as many of those
        Recruitment agreements were         a push factor for those who         pupils who do not hold German
        signed with Turkey in 1961,         were also disposed to the pull      passports do not advance
        with Morocco in 1963, and with      factor of the need in Western       beyond Hauptschule (lower
        Tunisia in 1965. Consequently,      European industries for a           secondary school) into further
        the largest group of Muslims        cheap, readily available labour     or higher education,compared
        that have emigrated to Germany      force.                              to those children with German
        so far have been recruited          Official statistics, which only     passports. (2)
        systematically from the above-      refer to foreign students,          German practice is to provide





































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