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Table 1. Appropriate Uses of Norm-referenced and Criterion-referenced Tests (continued)
Purpose
To track achievement of cohort of students through the system or area to determine the extent to which their achievement improves over time.
To track achievement of cohort of students in a given school to determine the extent to which they learn essential objectives of school system's curriculum as they go from grade to grade.
Test Example
CRT An examination of progress of all 3rd graders in system,
administrative area, or school from one year to the next.
CRT The use of May criterion- referenced tests (or perhaps
gains from September to May), to follow the progress of children over time in terms of the extent to which they learned the curriculum from one year to another.
Primary Users
Central office, principals
Principals, teachers
Rudner, L. and W. Schafer (2002) What Teachers Need to Know About Assessment. Washington, DC: National Education Association.
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