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Naturopathic Medicine
HISTORY AND PROFESSIONAL FORMATION TIMELINE
1135 Moses Maimonides (d. 1204) Jewish rabbinical scholar, philosopher and physician; emphasized healthy living in alignment with religious laws, knew and practiced humoral medicine.
1400s
PRACTICE MODELS AND DELIVERY
1421 Roman Church edict prohibited women from practicing medicine.••
HERITAGE AND KNOWLEDGEBASE
1493 Paracelsus (Philippus Aureolus Theophrastus Bombastus von Hohenheim) (d. 1541) born
in Switzerland. Brought folk practices into physician traditions. Derided dogma and taught
1500s
FOUNDATIONS OF NATUROPATHIC MEDICINE
in vernacular instead of Latin. Practitioner and investigator of natural philosophy, hermetic sciences, and alchemy; considered a primal figure of early modern medicine of all schools, chemistry, toxicology, & pharmacy; established concept archeus; root influence of homeopathy, phytotherapy, and spagyrics as well as other methods of practice and schools of philosophy. Taught the interrelationship of spiritual and material; divine and natural; the whole and the parts.••
LEGISLATION AND PUBLIC POLICY
1521 King Henry VIII of England grants the herbalist charter, securing herbal practice from attacks by competing professions. Legal precedent in colonial America and the Commonwealth.
HERITAGE AND KNOWLEDGEBASE
1545 John Gerard (d. 1611/12) completed Dr. Priest’s largely finished translation of Rembert Dodoens’ herbal text, the Pemptades, combining content with as-yet-unpublished material of Dutch herbalist and physician, Matthias de l’Obel, to produce Gerard’s Herball or The Generall Historie of Plantes (1597).
HERITAGE AND KNOWLEDGEBASE
1564 The Dane Petrus Severinus, the first spagyric physician in Venice, explains the teachings of Paracelsus in scholarly terms: Idea Medicinae Philosophicae.
1600s
HERITAGE AND KNOWLEDGEBASE
1616 Nicholas Culpeper (d. 1654) English botanist, herbalist, physician, astrologer and educator; aimed to bring medical knowledge directly to the common folk; wrote, in the vernacular, The English Physician (1652), The Complete Herbal (1653),
and Astrological Judgement of Diseases from the Decumbiture of the Sick (Semeiotica Uranica)(1655).
1660 Georg Ernst Stahl (d.1734) known as the founder of vitalism; a key theorist in framing the early modern conception of vitalism. Later Gunnar Stollberg asserted Vitalism developed in three stages: 1) Stahl’s animism (1660-1734), 2) the conception of the vital force (1770’s- 1840’s), and 3) life conceptualized as an organizing power.••
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1498 Hieronymus Bock (d. 1554) Bock and his students Tabernaemontanus and Leonhart Fuchs contributed influential works on herbal medicine (Das Kreütter Buch, Neuw Kreuterbuch, De Historia Stirpium commentarii insignes) that highlight the use of herbs within a framework of natural laws. Plants are described with qualities (i.e., warm, cold, dry, wet), direct linking to the four elements, temperaments and humors. Still used in traditional phytotherapy. ••
12 Naturopathic Medicine
HISTORY AND PROFESSIONAL FORMATION TIMELINE
