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A Living Chronicle: A Tapestry of People, Events and Institutions
FOUNDATIONS OF NATUROPATHIC MEDICINE
1821 Sebastian Kneipp (d. 1897) Bavarian Catholic priest, codified theory and system of hydrotherapy and promoted healthy living as foundation
of Nature Cure. “Five pillars”: Hydrotherapy, Phytotherapy, Nutrition, Exercise, Regulative Therapy. Bridge between Central European traditions and early American naturopathy. One of the world’s most prominent and influential nature cure practitioners. Profound impact on Benedict Lust. ••
1821 Wilhelm Heinrich Schuessler, MD (d. 1898) German homeopath. Originator of tissue salts theory, system (Biochemie): mineral deficiency causes symptoms, treat with mineral salt in homeopathic potency. Contrasts physiological/ biochemical vs. simillimum approaches in homeopathy. ••
1822 New Guide to Health; or Botanic Family Physician. (Samuel Thomson).
PRACTICE MODELS AND DELIVERY
1823 Arnold Rikli (d. 1926) Slovenian nature cure practitioner and “sun doctor.” Established facility in Veldes, Slovenia. Advanced sun, light, and
air bathing/therapeutics with barefoot walking (preceding Kneipp), hydrotherapy. Known for “water is good, air is better, but light is best of all.” Prolific author. Published The Basic Doctrines of Nature Cure including the Atmospheric Cure. ••
1824 Theodore Hahn (d. 1883) of Silesia Nature Doctor, scholar, practices hydrotherapy, advocates vegetarianism, promotes self-responsibility. Student of J.H. Rausse, extended Rausse’s clinical, theoretical works; influenced by Hufeland. Advocate for accessibility and simplicity of nature cure. ••
1821 Sebastian Kneipp developed “Kneipp Cure” school of hydrotherapy involving application of water through various methods, temperatures, and pressures.
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1825-1829
PRACTICE MODELS AND DELIVERY
1827 Wooster Beach, MD, founder of “Eclecticism” in the United States and early leader of the American Reform medical movement; breaks with Thomson over professionalism and founds the United States Infirmary in New York, NY.
1828-1830 Chronic Diseases: Their Peculiar Nature and their Homeopathic Cure. (Samuel Hahnemann). First edition in four volumes; often considered Hahnemann’s last medical work of fundamental importance. 1904, translated into English from The Second Enlarged German Edition of 1835, by Prof. Louis H. Tafel. ••
ACADEMIC: INSTITUTIONS AND COUNCILS
1829 Reformed Medical College of New York founded by Wooster Beach, MD; succeeded US Infirmary; closed 1839.
1830-1834
ACADEMIC: INSTITUTIONS AND COUNCILS
1830 Reformed Medical College of Ohio founded (also known as Worthington Medical College). John J. Steele, MD, first president, but soon replaced by Thomas Vaughan Morrow, MD.
PRACTICE MODELS AND DELIVERY
1830s Alva Curtis, MD, splits from Thomson and creates his own Independent Thomsonian Medical Society, botanical physicians known as “Physio- medical” or “physio-pathic” practitioners. ••
Naturopathic Medicine 17 HISTORY AND PROFESSIONAL FORMATION TIMELINE
