Page 49 - Foundations of Naturopathic Medicine

/
2ndc. ce HERITAGE AND KNOWLEDGE BASE
2nd c. CE Cleopatra Egyptian physician during Ptolemaic Period; wrote extensively about medicines, pregnancy, childbirth, and women’s health; these writings consulted by Galen and other authorities, and studied for over 1,000 years. Note: not Queen Cleopatra.
HERITAGE AND KNOWLEDGE BASE
129 CE Aelius Galenus or Claudius Galenus (d. 199/217; Greek: Κλαύδιος Γαληνός) Known as Galen of Pergamon; highly influential Roman physician, surgeon, and medical philosopher in subsequent centuries. Experimenter and anatomist; Empiricist turned Rationalist. Emphasized clinical results; shifted frame of analysis from whole person to organs; used experience to build systems, esp. humoral diagnosis. Dominant dogma of Western learnèd medicine for more than 1,300 years; often factually inaccurate. XX
/
4thc. ce HERITAGE AND KNOWLEDGE BASE
4th c. CE Artemisia Queen of Caria (southwest modern Turkey); noted botanist, herbalist and physician; documented medicinal influences of wormwood as a drink, according to Pliny the Elder who named the plant after her. Influenced Strabo and Pliny and other later authors. In Egypt, women exercised authority in medicine and science until the triumph of institutional Christianity, 4th c. CE.
4th c. CE Aspasia (Greek: Ασπασία) Athenian woman physician; wrote text on women’s medicine, including childbirth and women’s surgery. “Her pioneering work and prolific writings influenced
all major figures of the Byzantine medicine...her
© 2010-2019 Foundations of Naturopathic Medicine Project
and Foundations of Naturopathic Medicine Institute. All Rights Reserved.
Era Title Ancient Medicines
e
-
10
E
e
Era Subtitle
roots and streams
2700 c
admirable knowledge and techniques in the field or the innovative surgical procedures were thoroughly mentioned by Aetius, who considered her as a medical genius and at least equivalent to the best male surgeons of her time.” Became well known through her work as a midwife and gynecologist. (Journal of Universal Surgery, Aug 2016)
4th c. CE Cleopatra Metrodora Athenian woman physician, probably of Egyptian origin; wrote On the Diseases and Cures of Women. “Metrodora’s breast and face reconstruction, re-suturing of the vaginal hymen and breast and uterus cancer excisions, present great similarities to modern surgery.” (Journal of Universal Surgery, Aug 2016)
314 CE Synod of Ancyra. Roman Church condemns any who sought or gave relief from illness by
any means but prayer, because disease viewed
as religious problem, under domain of church authorities, not a medical one.
/
5thc. ce
HERITAGE AND KNOWLEDGE BASE
5th c. CE The Compleat Bonesetter written by Friar Moulton in at behest of St. Augustine. Revised in 1656 by Robert Turner.
529-1500 CE St. Benedict of Nursia founds Monastery of Montecassino, initiating era of Monastic Medicine in Europe; care of the sick, by nuns, monks and priests in monastic hospitals, abbeys, monasteries, convents. During Middle Ages (5th to 15th centuries) becomes “important source for formal medical care and education with monks \[and nuns\] maintaining hospitals, infirmaries and herb gardens.” Described as major source of “primary care” for lay and rural people of this era. Provides “natural, physical-based medical practices, including hygiene, herbalism, and dietetics; Galen’s bloodletting and other physical treatments” and spiritual intervention.
“A unique feature \[was\] use of natural treatments foundationsproject.org 51
R
A
D
0
A
0
c
TE
S