Page 56 - Foundations of Naturopathic Medicine

Naturopathic Medicine
HISTORY AND PROFESSIONAL FORMATION TIMELINE
A Living Chronicle: A Tapestry of People, Events and Institutions
1486 Malleus Mallificarum. (The Hammer of Witches, or Hexenhammer in German) Influential early book published as manual for identifying and persecuting accused “witches.” Provided criteria for suspicion, procedures for confessions and trials, usually involving torture, and death penalties, by burning or drowning, with hanging practiced in England. XXX
HERITAGE AND KNOWLEDGE BASE
1493 Paracelsus (Philippus Aureolus Theophrastus Bombastus von Hohenheim) (d. 1541) Born in Switzerland; brought folk practices into physician traditions; derided dogma; taught in vernacular, instead of Latin. Practitioner and investigator
of natural philosophy, hermetic sciences, and alchemy; considered primal figure of chemistry, toxicology, pharmacy and early modern medicine of all schools; established concept of archeus; root influence of homeopathy, phytotherapy, spagyric preparations and other methods of practice and schools of philosophy. Taught interrelationship of spiritual and material, divine and natural, the whole and the parts.XX
1498 Hieronymus Bock (d. 1554) Along with students, Tabernaemontanus and Leonhart Fuchs, contributed influential works on herbal medicine (Das Kreütter Buch, Neuw Kreuterbuch, De Historia Stirpium commentarii insignes) highlighting use of herbs within framework of natural laws. Described plants using qualities (i.e., warm, cold, dry, wet), directly linking to the four elements, temperaments and humors. Still used in traditional phytotherapy. XX
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1500's
LEGISLATION AND PUBLIC POLICY
1521 King Henry VIII of England grants the Herbalist Charter, protecting herbal practice from attacks by physicians. Legal precedent in colonial America and the Commonwealth.
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HERITAGE AND KNOWLEDGE BASE
1519 Andreas Vesalius (d. 1564) [Andries Van Wesel] Flemish anatomist, artist, physician, and author of De humani corporis fabrica libri septem (On the Fabric of the Human Body), a formative text in the shift from Galenic views of the body to the modern construct of human anatomy.
1545 John Gerard (d. 1612) Completed Dr. Priest’s largely finished translation of Rembert Dodoens’ herbal text, The Pemptades, combining content with as-yet-unpublished material of Dutch herbalist and physician, Matthias de l’Obel, to produce Gerard’s Herball or The Generall Historie of Plantes (1597).
1564 Petrus Severinus of Denmark First spagyric physician in Venice, explains the teachings of Paracelsus in scholarly terms, Idea Medicinae Philosophicae.
1578 William Harvey (d. 1657) Pivotal influence
in formation of modern medical science. De motu cordis et sanguinis (On the Motion of the Heart and Blood). First published in 1628. De generatione animalium (On the Generation of Animals). Published in 1651, led to his often being referred to as the “father” of embryology.
1596 René Descartes (d. 1650) Influential substance dualist: Proposed matter and immaterial mind as two fundamentally different types of substance. Viewed animals and humans as completely mechanistic automata. Proposed
that mechanical events could produce conscious experiences. XX
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1600's
HERITAGE AND KNOWLEDGE BASE
1616 Nicholas Culpeper (d. 1654) English botanist, herbalist, physician, astrologer and educator; aimed to bring medical knowledge directly to common folk; wrote in the vernacular, The English
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