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Endnotes 20 Hahn, R., McGowan, A., Liberman, A., Crosby, A., Fullilove, M., Johnson, R.,...Stone, G. (November 30, 2007). Effects on Violence of Laws and Policies Facilitating the Transfer of Youth from the Juvenile to the Adult Justice System: A Report on Rec- ommendations of the Task Force on Community Preventive Services. MMWR Recommendations and Reports, 56(RR09);1-11. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5609a1.htm. 21 Ibid. 22 Thomas, J.M., & Wilson, M. (2017). The Color of Juvenile Transfer: Policy & Practice Recommendations. Washington, DC: National Association of Social Workers. Retrieved from https://www.socialworkers.org/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=30n7g- nwam8%3D&portalid=0. 23 Arya, N., & Rolnick, A.C. (2008). A Tangled Web Of Justice: American Indian And Alaska Native Youth In Federal, State, And Tribal Justice Systems. Washington, DC: Campaign for Youth Justice. Retrieved from http://www.campaignforyouthjustice.org/ images/policybriefs/race/CFYJPB_TangledJustice.pdf. 24 Soler, M. (2010). Missed Opportunity: Waiver, Race, Data and Policy Reform. Louisiana Law Review, 71, 17-33. 25 Cheesman, F. (2011). A Decade of NCSC Research on Blended Sentencing of Juvenile Offenders. Williamsburg, VA: National Center for State Courts. Retrieved from www.ncsc.org/sitecore/content/microsites/future-trends-2011/home/special-programs/4- 4-blended-sentencing-of-juvenile-offenders.aspx. 26 National Center for Juvenile Justice. (2018). Supra note 7. 27 The Justice Policy Institute. (2017). Raising the Age: Shifting to a Safer and More Effective Juvenile Justice System. Retrieved from http://www.justicepolicy.org/uploads/justicepolicy/documents/raisetheage.fullreport.pdf. 28 SB 234, Gen. Assem. (Vt. 2018). Retrieved from https://legislature.vermont.gov/assets/Documents/2018/Docs/ACTS/ACT201/ ACT201%20As%20Enacted.pdf 29 Tabashneck, S. Raise the Age Legislation: Developmentally Tailored Justice. Criminal Justice, Winter 2018. Washington DC: American Bar Association. Retrieved from https://www.americanbar.org/content/dam/aba/publications/criminal_justice_maga- zine/v32/TABASHNECK.authcheckdam.pdf. 30 National Center for Juvenile Justice. (n.d.). Juvenile Justice Geography, Policy, Practice & Statistics: Jurisdictional Boundaries. Retrieved from http://www.jjgps.org/jurisdictional-boundaries#delinquency-age-boundaries. 31 Thomas, J.M. (2017). Raising the Bar: State Trends in Keeping Youth Out of Adult Courts (2015-2017). Washington, DC: Cam- paign for Youth Justice. Retrieved from http://cfyj.org/images/StateTrends_Repot_FINAL.pdf. 32 Arya., N. (2018).Getting to Zero: A 50-State Study of Strategies to Remove Youth from Adult Jails. Los Angeles, CA: UCLA School of Law. Retrieved from https://drive.google.com/file/d/1LLSF8uBlrcqDaFW3ZKo_k3xpk_DTmItV/view. 33 Public Law 115-385. 34 SB 1391,Leg. Sess. (Ca. 2018) Retrieved from https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_ id=201720180SB1391. 35 H. 7503. (R.I. 2018). Retrieved from http://webserver.rilin.state.ri.us/BillText/BillText18/HouseText18/H7503.pdf. 36 HB 9, 149th Leg. Sess.(Del 2017). Retrieved from https://custom.statenet.com/public/resources.cgi?id=ID:bill:DE2017000H9 &ciq=ncsl53&client_md=ec7d76a2fe34c27f430184c0541ec98a&mode=current_text. HB 306, 149th Leg. Session (Del. 2017). Retrieved from http://legis.delaware.gov/BillDetail?legislationId=26278. 37 National Center for Juvenile Justice. (n.d.). Supra note 28. 38 Cheesman, F. (2011). Supra note 23. 39 Ibid. 40 See, e.g., The EBP+ Collaborative. (March 2018). The EBP-PLUS Model: Liberating Youth, Families, and Community from the Justice System. Retrieved from https://impactjustice.org/wp-content/uploads/RAC-EBP-Policy-Brief.pdf. 41 See, e.g., John Jay Research & Evaluation Center. (n.d.). Positive Youth Justice. Retrieved from https://johnjayrec.nyc/posi- tiveyouthjustice/. 42 For one example of how states may ensure such a match, see the Standardized Program Evaluation Protocol developed by Dr. Mark Lipsey of Vanderbilt University, https://my.vanderbilt.edu/spep/. 43 McCarthy, P., Schiraldi, V. and Shark, M. (2016). The Future of Youth Justice: A Community-Based Alternative to the Youth Prison Model. Retrieved from https://www.aecf.org/m/resourcedoc/NIJ-The_Future_of_Youth_Justice-10.21.16.pdf. 26 Alternatives to Adult Incarceration for Youth Charged as Adults
