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28  •  Crisis in Higher Education



             and implementing the elements of the solution, which are described
             in Chapters 6 through 14. Each element has a series of recommenda-
             tions that are  summarized at the end of each chapter and compiled in
             Appendix A. The elements of the solution address the root causes, which
             resolve the underlying problems.  Figure 1.4 represents this with the
             straight arrows from left to right.
              The elements of this comprehensive and integrated solution must work
             together, reinforcing one another to create the desired outcomes. Table 4.3
             provides an overview of the relationships among the root cause and the
             underlying problems. Table 5.1 shows the relationship between the ele-
             ments of the comprehensive and integrated solution and the root causes.
             These tables complete the picture, allowing readers to trace elements of the
             solution to the underlying problems.





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