Page 384 - INDONESIAN ISLAMIC CULTURE IN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES

Islam. To prepare Muslims for their
374 Indonesian Islamic Culture in Historical Perspectives
represented the Muslims. Only two of The Masjumi had two different dissolved the Masjumi. Meanwhile, the
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participation in building the new Republic them were official representatives of the memberships: individual and NU had left Masjumi in 1952 and founded
of Indonesia, some Muslim leaders like Islamic party, Sjafrudin Prawiranegara organizational. The organizations’ its own party, namely the NU Party.
Abdoel Kahar Muzakkir, Wahid Hasyim and Wahid Hasyim, while the others presence in the Masjumi was important
and Mohammad Roem met to formulate were the former representatives so that they could offer advice and Perti
future strategies. In September 1945 they ofthe Islamic circles, i.e. Abikusno their considerations on the policies Perti was part of the socio-religious
decided to revive the Masjumi that was Tjokroaminoto, Kasman Singodimedjo, the party decided. At first, only four organization Persatuan Tarbiyah
passive at the time and to turn it into an Jusuf Wibisono, Dahlan Abdullah, organizations belonged to the party, i.e. Islamiyah (Association of Islamic
influencial political force. 37 Mohammad Roem, AR Baswedan, A. the Muhammadiyah, NU, Perikatan Umat Education) based in Bukittinggi, West
At the beginning of independence there Bajasut, Harsono Tjokroaminoto, and Islam (the Muslim Union), and Persatuan Sumatra. It was a traditional Islamic
was an attempt to make the Indonesian Mrs. Sunarjo Mangunpuspito. To channel Umat Islam (Muslim Association). In organization founded by Sheikh Abbas,
National Party (PNI) the only political the aspirations of Muslims in the midst 1948, the Islamic organization Persatuan Sheikh Sulaimanar-Rasuli, and Sheikh
party in Indonesia. Although not directly of government policies that opened up Islam (Islamic Unity, Persis) joined, Muhammad Djamil Djaho on May 20,
an extension of the previous PNI during greater opportunities to form political followed by other organizations such 1930. Perti belonged to a traditional
the periods ahead of Independence, parties, the Muslims held a conference as the Persatuan Ulama Seluruh Aceh mass base and spread to regions
Soekarno and Hatta’s support for the in Yogyakarta on November 7-8, 1945. (The Association of the Muslim Scholars where it had boarding schools existed
party had made it grow rapidly. However, Almost all the representatives of the of Aceh, PUSA) in 1949 and Al-Irsyadin in Jambi, Tapanuli, Bengkulu, Aceh,
with the issuance in October 1945 of Muslims attended and they agreed to 1950, while Al-Jam’iyatul Wasliyah and West Kalimantan and South Sulawesi.
the government policies on the multi set up a Central Consultative Assembly Al-Ittihadiyah joined in the following Before Independence, Perti persisted to
party system, the PNI was no longer (Masjumi) for Muslims to be only Muslim year. The good relationship between the focus on education, but then suffered a
the only growing party in Indonesia. political party in Indonesia. In 1945, Masjumi and these Islamic organizations set back in its development. In 1944 it
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Political polarization swiftly developed Sukiman Wirjosandjojo was appointed deteriorated especially after a split had decided to join the organization Islamic
and nationalist groups began to face the its leader and Abikusno Tjokrosujoso taken place between the Masjumi and High Council (Majelis Islam Tinggi,
rivalry of the Islamic Masjumi party. his deputy. Sukiman served as the Soekarno. Soekarno who accused MIT) led by Sheikh Muhammad Djamil
Djambek. MIT itself was an association
the Masjumi of having sympathized
Nationalist groups benefitted from Masjumi chairman until 1951 and since with the rebellion of the Revolutionary of organizations for the whole of
the establishment of the Central 1949 Natsir acted as vice-chairman. In Government of the Republic of Indonesia Sumatra. When MIT transmuted into a
Indonesia National Committee (KNIP), 1951, Natsir was promoted chairman, (PRRI) in 1958. The party’s leadership political party, Perti decided to turnits
a representative institution established and Sukiman was appointed vice- and some privileged members held a own organization into a political party
by the government before the formation chairman. In 1959 Natsir was replaced by consultation on September 8, 1959 to as well and it declared itself as such on
of parliament. Among its 136 members, Prowoto Mangkusasmito, while Sukiman end the relation so that the organizations November 22, 1945. 40
President Soekarno only put 15 members remained vice-chairman. would no longer meet any obstacles 39. Noer. Partai-Partai Islam ...,p. 51
37. Noer. Partai-Partai Islam ..., p. 45. 38. Noer. Partai-Partai Islam ..., p. 47. in their activities. In 1960 Soekarno 40. Noer. Partai-Partai Islam ...,p. 73.
Indonesian Islamic Culture in Historical Perspectives 375