Page 102 - INDONESIAN ISLAMIC CULTURE IN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES

which was increasingly powerful in of Surabaya. Having been defeated by to control entire Java. However, the most process of establishing an Islamic empire The Mosque of Kudus: a
the interior parts of southern Java. In Mataram’s army he was finally forced important thing to note in this connection in Goa-Tallo differed from that in Aceh mixture between Hindu
a Javanese traditional story, as De to flee to Malacca, and subsequently is that as early as the first decade of the that had accepted Islamization from the and Islamic architecture.
Graaf and Pigeaud show, Panembahan to Banten. Furthermore, Panembahan 17 century, Mataram had established outset. In Goa-Tallo the king’s conversion Source: Atlas Sejarah
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Senapati was responsible for the decline Senapati conquered Pati and Madiun itself as an important kingdom in Java. to Islam meant that the kingdom was also Indonesia Masa Islam
of Pajang as he initiated the founding by defeating King Progala of Pati, who to turn Islamic due to the social pressure (Historical Atlas of
of the Islamic kingdom of Mataram. He was his brother-in-law. Subsequently, in Turning to the eastern parts of of the Muslim traders who had become Indonesia’s Islamic
was the son of Ki Ageng Pamahanan around 1590, Kudus capitulated after the Nusantara, Islam developed in line with increasingly powerful and politically more Period), 2010.
who is considered to be the ancestor Prince of Kudus had fled to East Java, the rise of maritime trade marked by the influential.
of the Mataram dynasty and who had and in 1599 Jepara and Kalinyamat were establishment of two leading Islamic
supposedly contributed to Jaka Tingkir’s also subdued. Kingdom, Goa-Tallo in South Sulawesi Therefore, about two years after Sultan
victory over Aria Penangsang in Jipang, Thus, until the last decade of the 16 and Ternate in Maluku. Just like in Alauddin the ruler of Goa converted
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where both had been members of the century, Mataram had secured almost Banten in Java and Aceh in Sumatra, to Islam in 1607, and the subsequent
Pajang military forces. In fact, since his every important area in Central Java. the two kingdoms made their progress kingdom of Tallo adopted Islam as their
merit was so great because he defeated Senapati’s further territorial expansionist after joining the international maritime official religion and ideology. Along with
Aria Penangsang, Ki Ageng Pamanahan efforts included the efforts to conquer trade following the conquest of Malacca. the spread of Islam, the rulers of the
was given a special territory and the eastern parts of Java, where he tried Supported by the production of spices, twin kingdom Goa-Tallo expanded his
Javanese traditional sources tell that he to ensure that Mataram continued to the two kingdoms dominated the eastern territory by subjugating other kingdoms in
cleared his own forest in Mataram, which be recognized by the Islamic kingdoms trade corridors of the archipelago, Sulawesi. This territorial expansion was
became the basis for the establishment in East Java. However, Senapati met because of which they had to reckon with mainly inspired by economic interests in
of his own kingdom. with a tough challenge from the ruler the interests of the Portuguese and the order to get the commodities international
In the early period of the kingdom, of Surabaya who was emerging as Dutch in Maluku. traders were looking for. As will be
described in detail below, Goa-Tallo had
around the end of the 16 century, the holder of political hegemony in The transition of the double kingdom, succeeded to turn into a leading Islamic
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Mataram’s power was limited to the areas East Java. According to De Graaf and Goa Tallo, to Islam, around 1602 or 1607, kingdom in the eastern part of Nusantara
that were previously under Pajang’s Pigeaud, a battle between Surabaya and took place when Muslim traders who by controlling economic resources and
domination. Panembahan Senapati, the Mataram was about to take place when initially were only members of religious trade in Sulawesi.
first king of Mataram, slowly built his Senapati dispatched a large army to communities, established socio-political
political power by conquering several the east. But, due to Sunan Giri, battle forces to serve as agents of Islamization. Like Goa-Tallo, the kingdom of Ternate
other regions in Java. His first target could be avoided at least until Senapati’s This reached its peak when the kingdom had seen progress in line with the
was Demak, where he drove out the death in 1601 and after he had been saw the arrival of three clerics from development of spice trade in the
last descendant of Demak’s dynasty, replaced by his son, Panembahan Seda the Minangkabau are (West Sumatra), eastern part of Nusantara. Having been
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Pangeran Puger, who tried to revolt after ing Krapyak (1601-1613). During the reign who were formally responsible for the established in the 13 century, the
entering into an alliance with the ruler of both kings, Mataram was still unable conversion to Islam of the ruler. The kingdom of Ternate later developed into

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