Page 164 - Complete First B2 (third edition) Student Book

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Grammar reference , • • *-' *

PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE AND • focuses on how many • focuses on the process of
times an action has been change over a period of
CONTINUOUS
repeated: time and indicates that the
We Ve been to the gym three changes are not finished:
Present perfect simple: have + past participle
times this week. My use of grammar has been
positive negative question getting more accurate since I
started testing myself.
I’ve read your She hasn’t had Have they arrived
report. lunch. yet? Note:
Some verbs are not used in the continuous form,e.g. know,
Present perfect continuous: have been + present participle hate,understand, want.
I Ve known Guy for a long time. (NOT:I’ve been knowing Guy for a
positive negative question
long time.)
I’ve been She hasn’t been Have theybeen I Ve understood everything you've outlined. (NOT:I’ ve been
watching the waiting long. working with you? understanding everything you Ve outlined.)
match.
PRACTICE
Both the present perfect simple and present perfect
continuous are used to talk about something which started in O Complete the sentences with either the present perfect
the past. simple or continuous form of the verbs in brackets.
• The present perfect simple is a completed action which has 1 I (prepare) my presentation on mammals
a result in the present: all week,but I (not finish) it yet.
She’s passed her driving test, so now she can take the children 2 What (you do)? Your hands are covered in
to the day care centre herself. dirt.
• The present perfect continuous is an action which is still PDF from sachtienganhhanoi.com
happening now: 3 Your parents (look) exhausted
They ’ve been working hard on their presentation, but it isn’t recently.Have they (work) too hard?
finished yet.
4 I .. (not finish) my essay yet, because I
The two tenses are often very similar in their usage. However: (chill out) in the garden for hours.
5 Have you got a plaster? I ... .. (do) some work
present perfect simple present perfect continuous
around the house and I (damage) the nail
• emphasises the result: • emphasises the action: on my thumb quite badly.
They ’ve worked on the They’ve been working on the
(be) to Spain several times this year. Every
environmental project all environmental project all 6 I visit was brilliant.
week and they’re going to week, but they’ve still got
present the final version some way to go. 7 Recently the government (become) more
tomorrow. • focuses on how long aware of the need to promote music education.
• focuses on how much of an an activity has been in
(work) on my car all day, so I’m not really
activity is complete: progress: 8 I in the mood to go out.
I’ve listened to all of the audio I’ve been listening to the audio
books you recommended. books you recommended and Q Tick the correct sentences. Correct the sentences with
• may give the idea that I’ve still got two left. mistakes.
something is permanent • may give the idea that
(and may be accompanied something is temporary 1 The surgeon has just finished a nine-hour operation, so
she’s exhausted.
by a time expression which (and may be accompanied
shows this): by a time expression which 2 We have lived in Berlin for two years,and before that we
She’s been a lecturer in the shows this): lived in London for five years.
science department for well She’s been working here part - 3 I have finally been learning how to use the passive in
over twenty years and she time this week, but she goes English.I feel over the moon that I can do it at last.
is still actively involved in back to her normal job on
research. Monday. 4 I can see that he has eaten too much recently. He’s gained
a lot of weight.