Page 174 - Physics 10_Float

Unit 18
Unit 18
Unit 18
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ATOMIC AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS TOMIC AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS TOMIC AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS

After studying this unit, students will be able to:

• describe the structure of an atom in terms of a nucleus and electrons.
• describe the composition of the nucleus in terms of protons and neutrons.
• explain that number of protons in a nucleus distinguishes one element from the other.
• represent various nuclides by using the symbol of proton number Z, nucleon
number A and the nuclide notation X.
• explain that some nuclei are unstable, give out radiation to get rid of excess energy
and are said to be radioactive.
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• describe that the three types of radiation are ,  & .
• state, for radioactive emissions:
o their nature
o their relative ionizing effects
o their relative penetrating abilities
• explain that an element may change into another element when radioactivity occurs.
• represent changes in the composition of the nucleus by symbolic equations when
alpha or beta particles are emitted.
• describe that radioactive emissions occur randomly over space and time.
• explain the meaning of hal-life of a radioactive material.
• describe what are radioisotopes. What makes them useful for various applications?
• describe briefly the processes of fission and fusion.
• show an awareness of the existence of background radiation and its sources.
• describe the process of carbon dating to estimate the age of ancient objects.
• describe hazards of radioactive materials.
Science, Technology and Society Connections

The students will be able to:
• describe how radioactive materials are handled, used, stored and disposed of, in a safe way.
• make a list of some applications of radioisotopes in medical, agriculture and industrial fields.
• make estimation of age of ancient objects by the process of carbon dating.