Page 28 - PR 2014 2016 07 Nuclear Science and Technology

170 Nuclear Science and Technology | Progress Report

Orelha-de-rato) e Salvinia cf molesta D. S. Mitch evaluate the concentration of metals, major
(Salvínia, Orelha-de-rato). Multivariate sta- and trace elements in surface and core sedi-
tistical analysis suggested that the elements ment samples, in 34 points from its source in
As, Co, Cr, Hg, Ni, Pb e Se may have a common Salesopolis until the end, on Parana River. In all
source. (Partnership: Companhia Ambiental these studies, the toxic metal, some trace and
do Estado de São Paulo - CETESB; Financial rare earth element concentrations using three
support: CNEN, CNPq). analytical techniques (INAA, AAS and ICP OES)
were assessed in bottom and core sediment
Sediments samples. The distribution of some major (Fe,

K and Na), trace (As, Ba, Br, Co, Cr, Cs, Hf, Hg,
The study of the metal distribution in sed- Rb, Sb, Sc, Ta, Tb, Th, U and Zn) and rare earth
iments is very important from the point of (Ce, Eu, La, Lu, Nd, Sm, Tb and Yb) elements in
view of environmental pollution. The sediment sediment samples was done by using INAA.
concentrates metals in aquatic systems, and ICP OES was used to determine metals Al, As,
represents a relevant contamination mon- Ba, Cu, Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni, Se and Zn. For the toxic
itor. Studies of sediments from estuaries, metals Cd, Hg and Pb, the AAS (GF and CV)
lakes and rivers, which have been polluted technique was applied. The concentration val-
by heavy metals, represent the comprehen- ues obtained for the metals As, Cd, Cu, Cr, Hg,
sion of transportation phenomena in these Ni, Pb and Zn were compared to the Canadian
complex ecosystems and the discovery of the Council of Minister of the Environment (CCME)
pollution history. Two projects were developed oriented values (TEL and PEL values), adopted
within this important subject: “Toxic Metal, by CETESB. The Enrichment Factor (EF) and
Trace and Rare Earth Element assessment in Geoaccumulation index (IGeo) were also used
sediments from water supply reservoirs from for sediment contamination assessment. From
São Paulo State”. Five important reservoirs, Rio these data, an evaluation of metal and trace
Grande, Guarapiranga, Billings, Itupararanga elements accumulation in sediments was done
and Graminha (Caconde) were and are still as well as the assessment of possible adverse
being studied. The other important project interference of these elements in the biota and
is “Evaluation of the Extension and Pollution water quality of these environments.
History by Metals and Trace Elements in River
Sediments - Case Study, Tietê River, State of Sao Another study was related to the contamina-
Paulo”. The Tiete River drains an area composed tion of an estuarine system, a lagoon-estuary
of six sub-basins (Alto Tiete, Sorocaba/Mé- complex area of Iguape-Cananéia, located in
dio Tiete, Piracicaba-Capivari -Jundiai, Tiete/ the coast of São Paulo State. Cananéia is con-
Batalha, Tiete/Jacaré and Baixo Tiete). Along sidered as part of Biosphere Natural Reserve
its extension (1,100 km), its margins bathe 62 due to its environmental and cultural impor-
municipalities. In spite of all its historical con- tance and is considered unpolluted. The region
tribution, hydroelectric potential and being one encloses the Valo Grande channel, built more
of the most economically important rivers in than 160 years ago, which favors the introduc-
the state of São Paulo, the Tiete River is also one tion of fresh water from Ribeira de Iguape River
of the world’s most polluted rivers, especially directly into the estuarine system, contributing
in the municipality of the city of São Paulo. As to important biogeochemical changes in the
a result of pollution problems observed in the region. Through this channel, many nutrients
last few decades, the aim of this study was to arrive at the estuary, as well as, metals and

Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares