17 = 1 = φ, cosφ ′ Y flow Simplifying << 1, then sinφ m µ )φ ≡ Prof. Ramesh Singh, Notes by Dr. Singh/ Dr. Colton flow Y ⋅ ⋅ pR ( 15 2 . = Plane strain, von Mises 1 = h )σ x φ −σ x •Since α d ( d • p