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Moshe simply retrace his steps, returning the way he had come? Why were
the angels irked by his presence; weren’t they previously mollified, when
notified that he had come to receive the Torah? And why didn’t Hashem
silence the angels, preferring, instead, to carve an aperture for Moshe
under His Throne, by which he could escape?

Am Yisrael fell into sinning with the Calf because their original
acceptance of the Torah had been through force. Only in the days of
Mordechai and Esther did they accept the Torah willingly.

Moshe attempted to defend Bnei Yisrael. But the angels wished to strike
him, for he had not stood up for Hashem’s honor. Bnei Yisrael had
already heard “I am Hashem.” Moshe became terribly afraid. He heard the
truth in the angels’ words and had no response. He was desperately in
need of Hashem’s help.

Hashem allowed Moshe to fend for himself, to inject the sense of
mutual responsibility into the makeup of the nation. If a student sins,
it is an indication that the teacher did not inculcate him with sufficient
yirat Shamayim.
Moshe Rabbeinu was held accountable for not coming to the aid of his
nation, although he was in Heaven at the time of their sin. This teaches
us a valuable lesson. One who withholds help from his fellow man will
be severely punished.