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likely to have a positive attitude and form the intention to engage
in that behaviour.
ii. Subjective norms: Subjective norms refer to the perceived social
pressure or expectations from significant others, such as family,
friends, or community members, regarding the behaviour. If a
person perceives that others important to them think they should
perform the behaviour, they are more likely to form the intention
to comply with those norms.
iii. Perceived behavioural control: Perceived behavioural control
refers to an individual's perception of the ease or difficulty of
performing the behaviour. If a person believes that they have the
necessary resources, abilities, and opportunities to engage in the
behaviour, they are more likely to have a strong intention to
perform it.

When it comes to the intention to donate or pay zakat, the TPB can
be applied to understand the underlying factors influencing individuals'
decisions. Several studies, as you mentioned, have utilized the TPB to
investigate the intention of Muslims to pay zakat. These studies
identified various indicators or factors that influence individuals'
intention to fulfil their zakat obligations.

Mastura (2011) identified indicators related to the intention to pay
zakat from savings, including implementation (how likely individuals
are to actually pay), sustainability (consistency in paying zakat
regularly), the place to pay (preferences for specific zakat channels or
institutions), and increase in revenue (the perception that paying zakat
will lead to increased income or blessings).

Husna (2009) and Othman (2011) added another indicator, namely
interest, which refers to the motivation or inclination to increase the

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