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P. 157

Red flags of financial statement fraud





                   Company               Management               Accounting               Operating                Financial
                characteristics         and personnel              anomalies               anomalies               condition


               Complex                 Aggressive              Unusual accounting  Frequent transfers          Weak (or
               organizational          management style        practices               among entity bank       weakening)
               structure                                                               accounts                financial condition

               Weak governance         High dependence         High frequency of       Unusual                 Worsening
               structure               on operating            financial statement     transactions in         company
                                       performance             restatements            records                 operations

               Weak internal           Inadequate              Unusual                 Unusual transfers to  Worsening industry
               control processes       personnel practices     transactions            offshore banks          environment and
                                                               recorded at year-                               conditions
                                                               end

               Complex third-party                             Misrecorded or          Frequent or unusual
               transactions                                    unrecorded              related-party
                                                               transactions            transactions




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