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Academic Articles
ng - Mud -
Many synthetic mud are made from highly
refined compounds for more-exacting
property specifications than traditional
petroleum-based oils. the synthetic mud was
developed due to environmental concerns
over oil mud even though all drilling muds are
highly regulated in their composition but
some compositions are banned for some
areas . oil based muds and synthetic mud
have water and it is usually brine with
bentonite and barite for viscosity and weight
and other ingredients to help lubricate the
drill.
Drilling mud is pumped down the hollow drill
pipe to the drill bit where it exits and is then
flushed back up the borehole to the surface .
mud is cleaned and recycled again for
economic and environmental reasons .
The cuttings are cleaned from the mud
before it's reuse through shakers or
centrifuges .
Bentonite is a clay that has an Important world
expanding sheet that can absorb water producers are Greece,
and through this ability to take in water Japan, Italy, Brazil,
Romania, Germany,
it can keep underground water from Mexico, Argentina, Spain,
entering the mud or making unstable India, Hungary, Poland,
beds collapse . Bentonite occurs in Canada, Turkey, and
rocks that were deposited in the Cyprus.
Ordovician to Neogene periods (about barite is also a common
488.3 to 2.6 million years ago). ingredient in the mud
Bentonite consists chiefly of crystalline because it helps in
clay minerals belonging to the smectite increasing the weight of
group, which are hydrous aluminum the column enough to
silicates containing iron and stabilize the borehole .
magnesium as well as either sodium or Other ingredients with smaller quantities might be added like
calcium. Sodium Bentonite can absorb sodium hydroxide to increase alkalinity and decrease corrosion
( Chemical erosion ). you also might find potassium chloride to
water and swell so it can be used to reduce the intrusion of water from the mud into the formation .
seal. Calcium Bentonite does not swell Other drilling fluids use oil based mud like diesel oil and mineral
and becomes finely granular aggregate oil as the fluid matrix. oil based mud is used for great depth and
that is used as absorbent clay and directional or horizontal drilling which applies great stress on the
some times it is called fuller's earth . drilling equipment.
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