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P. 798

Navigation

9.8.3.3 From IAS to CAS ................................................................................861

9.8.3.4 From pressure altitude and temperature to density altitude ..........862
9.8.3.5 Converting degrees ...........................................................................862

9.8.3.6 Converting units ................................................................................862

9.8.4 Using the computer in practice............................................................. 866
9.9 Radio navigation………... ............................................................................. 871

9.9.1 VDF (VHF Direction Finder) ................................................................... 871
9.9.1.1 Bearings from VDF ............................................................................871

9.9.1.2 Communication when requesting a bearing ....................................872

9.9.1.3 Range and frequency protection ......................................................872
9.9.1.4 Inaccuracy .........................................................................................873

9.9.2 ADF and radio beacons (NDB og locators) ............................................ 873

9.9.2.1 ADF bearing ......................................................................................874
9.9.2.2 The ADF receiver ...............................................................................876

9.9.2.3 Navigation by bearing .......................................................................877

9.9.2.4 Navigation by bearing – homing and tracking ..................................878
9.9.2.5 Range ................................................................................................879

9.9.2.6 Errors and inaccuracies .....................................................................879

9.9.2.7 RMI ....................................................................................................880
9.9.3 VOR ....................................................................................................... 880

9.9.3.1 Ground part – transmitter and antenna ...........................................880

9.9.3.2 The aircraft part - NAV-radio og indicator ........................................881
9.9.3.3 Heading, radial inbound, radial outbound ........................................883

9.9.3.4 Navigation by VOR ............................................................................884

9.9.3.5 Range, accuracy and limitations .......................................................887
9.9.4 HSI ......................................................................................................... 889

9.9.5 DME ....................................................................................................... 889

9.9.5.1 DME receiver ....................................................................................889
9.9.5.2 DME – range, accuracy and limitations ............................................889

9.10 GNSS systems – in general......................................................................... 891

9.10.1 How GNSS systems work ...................................................................... 892

9.10.2 Precision and accuracy ......................................................................... 893

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