Page 1072 - Veterinary Toxicology, Basic and Clinical Principles, 3rd Edition

1004 SECTION | XV Mycotoxins

VetBooks.ir OR OH OH CH 3 Fumonisin B 1

CH 3 OR CH 3 OH NH 2

OR OH OH
CH 3
Fumonisin B 2
CH 3 OR CH 3 NH 2

OH
CH OH
3
Sphingosine
NH 2

OH
CH OH
3
Sphinganine
NH 2
R = C COOH
COOH
O

FIGURE 71.1 The structure of fumonisin B 1 , fumonisin B 2 , sphingosine, and sphinganine.

Argentina (Giannitti et al., 2011) and Serbia (Jovanovi´ c More specifically, the toxicokinetics of radiolabeled
et al., 2015). Additionally cases of PPE have been associ- fumonisin B 1 were examined after intragastric (0.5 mg
ated with fumonisin-contaminated feeds in the United fumonisin B 1 /kg) or intravenous (0.4 mg fumonisin
States (Harrison et al., 1990; Osweiler et al., 1992), Brazil B 1 /kg) administration to bile-cannulated and noncannu-
(Sydenham et al., 1992), Hungary (Fazekas et al., 1998), lated pigs (Prelusky et al., 1994). Fumonisin-derived
and Thailand (Patchimasiri et al., 1998). radioactivity was not detected in the plasma of pigs dosed
intravenously after 180 min in the noncannulated group,
or after 90 min in the cannulated group. Urinary excretion
PHARMCOKINETICS/TOXICOKINETICS began within 3 h of administration and virtually ended
after 8 h, accounting for only a small amount of adminis-
The pharmacokinetics of fumonisin B 1 have been exam- tered toxin. Fecal excretion of fumonisin persisted for
ined in several species including rats, pigs, cattle, laying 48 h. The excretion in the intravenously dosed group
hens, and primates (Martinez-Larranaga et al., 1999; occurred primarily via the bile, with biliary excretion
Prelusky et al., 1994; Prelusky et al., 1995; Richard et al., greatest during the first 4 h, but persisting for 24 36 h.
1996; Shephard et al., 1995; Vudathala et al., 1994). In Plasma radioactivity in intragastrically dosed pigs was
general, fumonisin is rapidly absorbed following intrave- first detected 30 45 min after dosing, with maximal
nous or intraperitoneal administration and is eliminated in activity present between 60 and 90 min. As reflected in
both the feces and urine. Levels are undetectable by 24 h plasma and elimination data, systemic bioavailability of
after dosing in virtually all species and significant concen- the dose ranged from 3% to 6%. Excretion of the fumoni-
trations (residues) have not been found in muscle, milk, sin occurred primarily via feces, with only trace amounts
or eggs. Following oral dosing, very little fumonisin B 1 is excreted via urine or bile.
typically found in the serum of animals indicating low At 72 h after administration, tissue radioactivity was
bioavailability. highest in the liver, kidney, and large intestine in all