Page 303 - Hand rearing birds second

292 Hand-Rearing Birds

brooder can be difficult if there are room temperature variations. Sometimes, overcorrection of
temperature leads to overheating or chilling of the chick. Gradual corrections allow the chick to
adjust, although the chick may shiver for a few minutes. The most common problem is overheating
during the first 2 weeks of life. If the brooder is not holding a stable temperature prior to moving a
chick in, check the room conditions and adjust any vents as needed. Brooders next to windows and
doors may be subjected to fluctuations in temperature.

Feces­and Pathogens

Assess fecal output regularly. Expect to see the fecal color change during the first few days. Yellow
colored feces after hatch are common as the chick is using its yolk. Fecal color may change to a
dark green color as it transitions from the yolk to water to formula. The recommended diet in the
chapter will produce light brown feces. Feces may look red or oily when krill in the diet is pro-
cessed. Feces should be a quick “projectile squirt.” If a chick is seen straining or produces thick and
small droppings, skip the next schedule feeding and replace with oral water feedings until hydra-
tion is improved. Establishing hydration is more important than calories, which may mean miss-
ing a couple of scheduled feedings and substituting water feedings. Consult your veterinarian for
a health assessment. Dehydration or GI upset may require subcutaneous fluids, antibiotics, or
other treatment as determined by the veterinarian. If diarrhea or “smelly” feces are noticed, con-
sult with a veterinarian immediately. Overheating, overfeeding, dehydration, or combinations
thereof can lead to clostridium or other intestinal pathogen overgrowth. Separate ill chicks from
healthy chicks.

Feather­Condition
Crowding can affect the condition of feathers. Birds that perch over one another and defecate on
their cagemates can lead to poor feather grooming and waterproofing. Be aware of the placement
of perching. There should be adequate space for each bird to roost on a horizontal perch without
crowding. Substitution of diet items and lack of bathing areas also contributes to changes in
feather condition. Remember that if oily fish such as salmon are substituted in the chick formula,
the feces will contain more oil and this can lead to greasy appearing feathers. Ibis will wade in
shallow pools and bathe and should have access to water area. The birds will also bring food items
over to the water and “wash” their food. Keep the water source clean. When possible, allow the
water surface to skim into a standpipe or a drain. If water can only be supplied in a small pool or
tray, change often (two to three times daily). Providing a fine mist for the birds to bathe in will also
help with grooming.

Crooked­Toes­and Angel­Wing

Adequate nest and habitat substrate are crucial for normal growth and development. Failure to
provide the proper substrate in the nest may result in crooked toes or splayed legs. Carefully
select and place sticks in the basket so that the chick is able to grasp the twigs. Select perching
that provides a varied surface; avoid smooth branches. The initial perching should be relatively
flat to the ground. Be aware of gaps in the branches where chicks could become stuck or injure
a leg when learning to perch. Attach perches horizontally and allow chicks to perch without
their feathers touching wire or walls. Raise the perches as chicks develop confidence and begin
exploring larger areas.