Page 925 - Equine Clinical Medicine, Surgery and Reproduction, 2nd Edition
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  VetBooks.ir  neoplastic tissue. In addition to general signs of   Dunkel B, Jones SA, Pinilla MJ, Foote AK (2015) Serum
                                                            bile acid concentrations, histopathological features,
           malaise and weight loss, occasional cases of somno-
                                                            and short-, and long-term survival in horses with
           lence due to hypoglycaemia are reported. Absolute
           erythrocytosis is recognised as a paraneoplastic syn-  hepatic disease. J Vet Intern Med 29:644–650.
           drome in cases of hepatoblastoma and hepatocellular   Durham AE, Newton JR, Smith KC et al. (2003a)
           carcinoma.                                       Retrospective analysis of historical, clinical,
                                                            ultrasonographic, serum biochemical and
                                                            haematological data in prognostic evaluation of
           Management                                       equine liver disease. Equine Vet J 35:542–547.
           General supportive care may be applied while   Durham AE, Newton JR, Smith KC et al. (2003b)
           awaiting firm diagnosis or while owners consider   Development and application of a scoring system
           euthanasia.                                      for prognostic evaluation of equine liver biopsies.
                                                            Equine Vet J 35:534–540.
           Prognosis                                      Johns IC, Miles A (2016) Ultrasonographically visible
           Hepatic neoplasia is invariably associated with a fatal   hepatic location in clinically normal horses. Aust Vet J
           outcome soon after diagnosis.                    94:192–196.
                                                          Johns IC, Sweeney RW (2008) Coagulation abnormalities
           FURTHER READING                                  and complications after percutaneous liver biopsy in
                                                            horses. J Vet Intern Med 22:185–189.
           Beeler-Marfisi J, Arroyo L, Caswell JL, Delay J,   Sammons SC, Norman TE, Chaffin MK, Cohen
             Bienzle D (2010) Equine primary liver tumors: a case   ND (2014) Ultrasonographic visualization of the
             series and review of the literature. J Vet Diagn Invest   liver in sites recommended for blind percutaneous liver
             22:174–183.                                    biopsy in horses. J Am Vet Med Assoc 245: 939–943.
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