Page 10 - Adams and Stashak's Lameness in Horses, 7th Edition
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viii Table of Contents
Objective Assessment of Lameness 139 Clinical Use of CT in Equine Orthopedic Imaging 378
Contrast‐Enhanced CT 380
VetBooks.ir Measurement of Ground Reaction Forces (Kinetics) 139 Conclusion 383
kevin G. keeGAn
Positron Emission Tomography 383
Measurement of Movement (Kinematics) 140
Perineural and Intrasynovial Magnetic Resonance Imaging 387
Anesthesia 157 MichAel schrAMMe AnD eMilie seGArD‐Weisse
Introduction 387
GAry M. BAxter General Principles and Physics of MRI 387
Types of Local Anesthetics 157 Equipment, High‐ and Low‐Field Magnets,
Skin Preparation and Restraint 157 and RF Coils 387
Perineural Anesthesia 157 Sequences and Protocols for Equine MRI 389
Intrasynovial Anesthesia 167 Artifacts of MRI 390
Acknowledgment 187 Interpretation of Musculoskeletal MR Images 393
Contrast MRI Techniques 396
3 Diagnostic Imaging 189 How to Read an Equine MRI Study 397
Indications, Case Selection, Advantages,
and Disadvantages of MRI 397
Radiography 189 Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Foot
MyrA BArrett AnD elizABeth Acutt and Pastern 397
Equipment 189 Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Fetlock Region 409
Digital Radiography Systems 191 Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Metacarpal
Radiation Safety 194 and Metatarsal Regions 416
Contrast Examinations 195 Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Carpal Region 420
Principles of Radiographic Interpretation 198 Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Tarsal Region 421
Limitations of Radiography 210 Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Stifle Region 424
Normal Radiographic Anatomy 211
Acknowledgments 299 Thermography 431
Ultrasound 301 trAcy A. turner
Thermographic Instrumentation 431
W. rich reDDinG Principles of Use 431
Introduction 301 Specific Applications for Lameness Diagnostics 433
Ultrasound to Evaluate Tendons and Ligaments 302
Patient Preparation and Scan Protocol 303
Ultrasonographic Assessment of Tendon/Ligament 4 Lameness of the Distal Limb 439
Pathology 316
Limitations of Ultrasonography 321 Navicular Region/Palmar Foot 439
Ultrasound to Evaluate Joint Injury 323 rAnDy B. eGGleston AnD GAry M. BAxter
Indications for Ultrasonography of Joints 324 Navicular Syndrome/Disease 439
Equipment and Technique 324 Fractures of the Navicular (Distal Sesamoid) Bone 454
Ultrasonographic Appearance of Periarticular Soft Tissue Injuries in the Foot (DDFT and Podotrochlear
Structures 326 Apparatus) 456
Ultrasonic Appearance of the Joint 327 Acknowledgments 459
Conclusions 331
Other Indications for Ultrasonography Coffin Joint and Distal Phalanx 463
of the Musculoskeletal System 332
New Directions in the Use of Ultrasound 335 GAry M. BAxter
Osteoarthritis (OA) of the Distal Interphalangeal
Nuclear Medicine/Scintigraphy 342 (DIP) Joint 463
Fractures of the Distal Phalanx (P3, Coffin Bone) 465
kurt selBerG, elizABeth Acutt, AnD AlejAnDro vAlDés‐MArtínez
Principles of Nuclear Medicine 342 Subchondral Cystic Lesions of the Distal
Phalanx (P3) 471
Radiation Safety and Protection 343 Collateral Ligament Injuries of the Distal
Imaging Equipment 343 Phalanx 472
Method for a Scintigraphic Exam of the Musculoskeletal Ossification of the Collateral Cartilages of the Distal
System 344 Phalanx (Sidebone) 474
Indications for Nuclear Scintigraphy
of the Musculoskeletal System in Horses 347 Miscellaneous Conditions of the
Normal Bone Scan 348
Scintigraphic Signs of Disease 356 Foot 477
Abnormal Conditions for Specific Anatomical Regions 361 GAry M. BAxter
Limitations of Nuclear Medicine 373 Sole Bruises, Corns, and Subsolar Abscesses 477
Computed Tomography 376 Septic Pedal Osteitis 479
Penetrating Injuries of the Foot 481
MAthieu spriet Keratoma 483
Introduction 376 Avulsion Injuries of the Hoof 485
Equipment and Principles of CT 376 Acknowledgments 489
