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551.e2 Insect Growth Regulator Toxicosis

Insect Growth Regulator Toxicosis
VetBooks.ir BASIC INFORMATION

Definition Insect Growth Regulators Available Forms
Type of IGR
Generic Name
Insect growth regulators (IGRs) are found Chitin synthesis inhibitor Cyromazine Powder feed-through for fly control for poultry and horses;
by themselves or in combination with other liquid and granules for environmental use; liquid for pond
insecticides for environmental, home, and use; water-soluble powder for use on vegetables
on-pet use for pest control. Most ingestions by
mammals can cause mild gastrointestinal (GI) Diflubenzuron Powder feed-through fly control for cattle, horses, and
swine; liquid, bait and granules for environmental use; liquid
signs, and dermal exposures can cause dermal for pond use; pour on for cattle and horses
irritation. The table shows most common agents
and their mechanism of action. Lufenuron Oral tablets for dogs and cats for flea control
Juvenile hormone analog Fenoxycarb Bait, spray, fogger for environmental and household flea and
Synonyms tick control; spray for dogs and cats flea and tick control
IGR, juvenoids Hydroprene Liquid, spray, and fogger for household use
Epidemiology Methoprene Powder feed-through fly control for cattle; spot-on, collar,
SPECIES, AGE, SEX shampoo, mousse for dogs and cats for flea control;
granules and bait for environmental use; spray, fogger for
Dogs and cats, no age or sex differences household; granules for pond use; granules for agriculture
RISK FACTORS Pyriproxyfen Spray, powder, fogger for household use; spot-on, spray,
shampoo, collar for dogs and cats for flea control
Use of insecticides on the pet or in the
environment IGR, Insect growth regulator.
GEOGRAPHY AND SEASONALITY
Flea and tick season (year-round in some
places), summer (insect control in environment)
• Any cause of acute gastroenteritis (e.g., PROGNOSIS & OUTCOME
Clinical Presentation dietary indiscretion, bacterial or viral gastritis)
HISTORY, CHIEF COMPLAINT Excellent prognosis
History of dermal or oral exposure with acute- Initial Database
onset hypersalivation, vomiting and diarrhea, Typically, diagnostic testing is not required PEARLS & CONSIDERATIONS
or dermal irritation
TREATMENT Comments
PHYSICAL EXAM FINDINGS • Many IGRs are found in combination with
• Hypersalivation, vomiting, diarrhea Treatment Overview other insecticides that may be problematic.
• Dermal irritation (erythema to excoriation), • Signs are expected to be mild, and supportive • Methoprene is approved for use in drinking
pruritus at site of contact/application care is all that is needed in most cases. water for mosquito control because it poses
• Ensure that the pet has not been exposed minimal or no risk to humans, animals, or
Etiology and Pathophysiology to other insecticides. the environment.
• Juvenile hormone analogs mimic insect
compounds needed to allow molting. If Acute General Treatment Prevention
juvenile hormone levels remain elevated, the • Hypersalivation: dilution with milk or water Except for products used to treat pets, keep
insect remains in the same stage. Because (2-6 mL/kg PO) or tasty treat pets out of areas where IGR products have
mammals do not have these hormones, only • Vomiting: hold off food temporarily; rarely been used (follow label directions).
minimal toxicity occurs (i.e., self-limited GI need antiemetic (maropitant 0.5-1 mg/kg
signs or dermal irritation). PO or SQ) or IV fluid support Technician Tips
• Chitin synthesis inhibitors stop insect eggs • Dermal irritation Always identify product to see whether any
from hatching into adults by blocking ○ Bathe entire animal with liquid hand other insecticides are included.
polymerization and deposition of chitin. dishwashing detergent
Because mammals do not have chitin, only ○ Antihistamine: diphenhydramine 1 mg/ Client Education
self-limited GI signs occur. kg PO q 8-12h if needed IGRs stop the hatching of new insects. They
○ Short-acting steroid: dexamethasone do not have any effect on adult insects.
DIAGNOSIS sodium phosphate 0.05-0.2 mg/kg IV
once if needed SUGGESTED READING
Diagnostic Overview ○ Rarely; if secondary dermal infection Wismer T, et al: Toxicology of newer insecticides in
Due to the lack of serious signs, testing is not occurs due to self-mutilation, antimicrobi- small animals. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim
needed for IGR intoxication. als may be indicated. Pract 42:335-347, 2012.
Differential Diagnosis Drug Interactions AUTHOR & EDITOR: Tina Wismer, DVM, MS, DABVT,
• Any substance that can cause mild GI None expected DABT
upset: cleaning agents (e.g., soaps, anionic
and nonionic detergents), nontoxic plants, Recommended Monitoring
fertilizers Hydration status if GI signs are present

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