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Mass, Splenic 629

• Cysts are accumulations of material (keratin, ○ Canine juvenile cellulitis • Drainage and antibacterial therapy (based
serum, glandular product) within a mem- ○ Nodular sterile panniculitis on culture and sensitivity) recommended for
VetBooks.ir • A granuloma is a focal accumulation of mono- ○ Idiopathic focal mucinosis (Doberman • Medical therapy without surgical removal Diseases and Disorders
most abscesses
○ Idiopathic lichenoid dermatitis (coalescent
brane that may have idiopathic, traumatic,
plaques)
congenital, follicular, or pilar causes.
may be appropriate: eosinophilic lesions,
nuclear inflammatory cells due to bacteria,
pinschers)
mycoses, mycobacteria, dermatophytes, para- ○ Eosinophilic lesions: eosinophilic plaque, urticaria and angioedema, dermatophytic
pseudomycetoma, hematomas, and some
sites, endogenous or exogenous foreign objects, indolent ulcer, collagenolytic granuloma round cell tumors
allergic, or idiopathic causes. Pyogranulomas • Hematoma
also include neutrophilic inflammation. • Abscess PROGNOSIS & OUTCOME
• Keratoses are solid, circumscribed lesions • Urticaria
caused by overproduction of keratin. • Angioedema • Depends on the diagnosis
• A hamartoma is a benign, disorganized • Normal structures • Many benign masses can be cured with
overgrowth of normal cells within a tissue, ○ Lymph node complete surgical removal or appropriate
whereas a nevus is a hamartoma arising from ○ Salivary gland medical therapy (e.g., panniculitis, eosino-
any skin component. ○ Bulbus glandis (transient preputial “mass” philic granuloma).
• A hematoma is local extravasation of blood in male dogs) • Removal of malignant neoplasms can result
due to trauma and/or bleeding disorder. in long remissions, or cure if metastasis is
• Abscesses result from a local accumulation of Initial Database absent. For some tumor types, wide initial
neutrophils and necrotic tissue cells, usually • Confirm that the mass is not a normal surgical margins are necessary (pp. 550, 634,
secondary to a bacterial or fungal infectious structure (anatomic location). and 927).
agent. • Cytologic exam of samples obtained from
• Urticaria is a group of wheals in the dermis a mass by FNA, impression smear, scrape, PEARLS & CONSIDERATIONS
caused by a hypersensitivity reaction to insect or swab may provide a diagnosis.
bites, food, irritants, drugs, allergens, or • Cytologic evaluation of a local lymph node Comments
physical stimuli. Angioedema is a hypersen- by FNA may help discern an inflammatory • Establishing a diagnosis by physical exam
sitivity reaction that occurs below the dermis. reaction from metastasis. alone can lead to inappropriate patient
• Exam for evidence of distant metastasis outcomes.
DIAGNOSIS by three-view thoracic radiographs and/or • Cytologic exam of a sample obtained by FNA
abdominal ultrasound from a cutaneous or subcutaneous mass is a
Diagnostic Overview • Preoperative blood tests (e.g., CBC, serum simple and inexpensive diagnostic aid that
Cytologic analysis of a fine-needle aspiration biochemical profile, urinalysis, depending on should be recommended in most cases (any
(FNA) sample, impression smear, scrape, or swab the age of the patient) if a biopsy is planned mass > 1 cm diameter).
sample from a mass may provide a tentative or • Cytologic diagnosis before surgery may aid
sometimes a definitive diagnosis. Histopathologic Advanced or Confirmatory Testing in surgical planning (i.e., are wide margins
evaluation of an incisional or excisional biopsy Histopathologic evaluation ± bacterial and required?).
may be necessary for final diagnosis. fungal culture of an incisional or excisional
biopsy sample is sometimes necessary for a Technician Tips
Differential Diagnosis definitive diagnosis. Excisional biopsy may be Assisting in early recognition of new or
• Neoplasm diagnostic and therapeutic. changing masses can lead to rapid diagnosis
○ Benign and therapy and the best possible prognosis.
○ Malignant: epithelial, glandular, mesen- TREATMENT Create body maps that allow any change in
chymal, round cell size of an existing mass to be recognized on
• Pseudoneoplasm Treatment Overview future visits (p. 591).
○ Cyst Benign neoplasms or pseudoneoplasms may
○ (Pyo)granuloma not require treatment if they are not causing SUGGESTED READING
○ Keratoses harm to the patient (e.g., lipoma, sebaceous Hauck ML: Tumors of the skin and subcutaneous
○ Hamartoma/nevus cyst). Eliminating the mass by surgery and/or tissues. In: Withrow SJ, et al, editors: Small animal
○ Acral lick dermatitis medical management may be ideal. clinical oncology, ed 5, St. Louis, 2013, Saunders,
○ Feline plasma cell pododermatitis or pp 305-320.
stomatitis Acute and Chronic Treatment AUTHOR: Jeff D. Bay, DVM, DACVIM
○ Calcinosis cutis • Often, masses are removed surgically for EDITOR: Leah A. Cohn, DVM, PhD, DACVIM
○ Calcinosis circumscripta diagnosis and treatment.

Mass, Splenic Client Education
Sheet

BASIC INFORMATION inflammation, lymphoid hyperplasia, and • Cats: diffuse splenomegaly is more common
extramedullary hematopoiesis. than nodular enlargement
Definition
• Focal or diffuse enlargement of the Epidemiology GENETICS, BREED PREDISPOSITION
spleen SPECIES, AGE, SEX Labrador retrievers, German shepherds, and
• Causes include neoplastic and non-neoplastic • Dogs: any dog, but often older, medium to golden retrievers overrepresented
infiltrative disorders, congestion, infection, large breed dogs of either sex

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