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1308 Antimullerian Hormone Antinuclear Antibody (ANA)

Lab Artifacts Relative Cost: $$ • In mixed acid-base disorders, an animal may
Anything interfering with the measurement of Pearls have metabolic acidosis with a normal or
VetBooks.ir will alter the anion-gap value (e.g., lipemia, • The anion gap is commonly used for dif- this situation, a high anion gap helps identify
high pH because of competing factors. In
the ions included in the anion-gap calculation
ferentiating between bicarbonate loss (normal
“occult” acidosis.
hemolysis).
Specimen Collection and Handling anion gap) and organic acid accumulation AUTHOR: Sharon M. Dial, DVM, PhD, DACVP
(high anion gap) in patients with metabolic
Serum (red top tube) for routine chemistry/ acidosis. EDITOR: Lois Roth-Johnson, DVM, PhD, DACVP
electrolyte profile

Antimullerian Hormone

Definition Next Diagnostic Steps to Consider Relative Cost: $$
Test for the presence of antimullerian hormone if Levels Are High
(AMH) in serum Surgical removal of ovarian remnants or Sertoli Pearls
tumor/retained testicle Considered a reliable test for evaluating for
Physiology ovarian remnants in both dogs and cats.
Antimullerian hormone is produced exclusively Causes of Abnormally Low Levels Assessment for cryptorchism and Sertoli cell
by the ovaries and the sustentacular cells (Sertoli Intact female: not yet sexually mature tumors currently is preliminary.
cells) of the testicle. It is present in sexually
mature females regardless of the stage of the Next Diagnostic Steps to Consider AUTHOR & EDITOR: Lois Roth-Johnson, DVM, PhD,
DACVP
estrus cycle. Detectable concentrations in serum if Levels Are Low
indicate the presence of ovarian tissue or ovarian Retest if sexual maturity is questionable.
tumors. Preliminary evaluation indicates AMH
is useful for evaluation of cryptorchidism and Drug Effects
Sertoli cell tumors of the testicle in dogs. Estrogen treatment or ingestion of estrogen-
containing plants/supplements causes false-
Reference Interval positives.
Reported as positive or negative
Specimen Collection and Handling
Causes of Abnormally High Levels Serum (red top tube) 0.5 mL minimum. Submit
Intact female; ovarian remnants in spayed frozen on ice. Sample must be received frozen
female; Sertoli cell tumor (male) or minimally thawed.

Antinuclear Antibody (ANA)

Definition Next Diagnostic Steps to Consider Specimen Collection and Handling
Indirect immunofluorescent antibody (IFA) test if Levels Are High Serum (red top tube). Store at 2°C-8°C
to detect antibodies specific for DNA, RNA, Assess for skin lesions or systemic signs (e.g., (refrigeration).
and nucleoprotein glomerulonephritis, liver abnormalities,
polyarthritis) consistent with SLE; rule out Relative Cost: $$
Physiology potential infections.
Antinuclear antibodies are associated with Pearls
autoimmune disorders, most notably systemic Important Interspecies Differences • Significance of pattern of fluorescence in
lupus erythematosus (p. 955). Requires use of species-specific fluorescent domestic animals is unclear.
antibody • Positive ANA titers support a clinical
Reference Interval diagnosis of SLE in dogs but are not specific.
Reported as negative or positive; positive Drug Effects • Low positive titers can be seen with various
results reflect titer values and staining pattern • False-negative: cytotoxic drugs, high doses diseases and in older animals.
(homogeneous nuclear, speckled nuclear, nuclear of corticosteroids • ANA titer is much more sensitive (better
rim, or nucleolar). • False-positive: sulfonamides, tetracycline, screening test) for SLE than the LE prep.
hydralazine, procainamide, griseofulvin,
Causes of Abnormally High Levels propylthiouracil, methimazole. Some infec- AUTHOR & EDITOR: Lois Roth-Johnson, DVM, PhD,
SLE, some infections (e.g., ehrlichiosis, leish- tious diseases. DACVP
maniasis, heartworms)

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