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           Labrador retriever (Continued)      Large-breed dogs (Continued)       Leflunomide, 1488
             regurgitation in, 873              dilated cardiomyopathy in, 263    Left anterior fascicular block, 579.e2
                                                                                   for immune-mediated hemolytic anemia, 62
                                                discospondylitis in, 266
             retinal detachment in, 885
  VetBooks.ir  seborrhea in, 214                elbow hygroma in, 290             Left atrial split. See Atrial rupture
                                                facial muscle wasting in, 320
                                                                                  Left atrial tear. See Atrial rupture
             squamous cell carcinoma in, 939
             stiff dog syndrome in, 661
                                                fibrocartilaginous embolism in, 336
                                                                                  Left bundle branch block, 579.e2–579.e3, 579.e2f
             stunted growth in, 946
                                                                                  Left ventricular hypertrophy, 503
             tetraplegia/tetraparesis in, 967   gastric dilation/volvulus in, 377  Left shift, in neutrophils, 1357
                                                granulomatous enteritis/colitis in, 395
             thymoma in, 973                    hemoabdomen in, 430               Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease. See Aseptic necrosis of
             tremors/myoclonus in, 994          hip dysplasia in, 469                femoral head
             tricuspid valve dysplasia in, 996  hormone-responsive incontinence in, 1011  Leiomyoma, 579.e3–579.e4
             urinary incontinence in, 538       hypertrophic osteodystrophy in, 507  gastric, 379
             urolithiasis in, 1014.e2           hypertrophic osteopathy in, 508    uterine, 1022
             uveal cysts in, 1023.e2            infective endocarditis in, 294    Leiomyosarcoma, 579.e3–579.e4, 927
             vaginal hyperplasia/prolapse in, 1028  laryngeal paralysis in, 574    gastric, 379
             vitamin A–responsive dermatosis in, 214  lymphoplasmacytic rhinitis in, 890  injection sites and, 550
             von Willebrand disease in, 1043    masticatory myositis in, 637       uterine, 1022
             Wolff–Parkinson-White syndrome in, 1049.e2  mesenteric volvulus in, 649  Leishmania donovani, 1172.e2t–1172.e3t
           Lacerations. See Shearing/degloving wounds; Stab wounds  mesothelioma in, 651  Leishmaniasis, 579–581
           Lacrimal punctua, 237.e1             osteochondrosis in, 723            cross-reactivity with Chagas’ disease, 151
           Lacrimal sac inflammation. See Dacryocystitis  pannus in, 748           and pinnal disease, 790
           Lacrimal stasis, 237.e1              panosteitis in, 750               Lens luxation, 581–582, 582f, 582.e1f
           Lacrimation, 1249.e1                 pericardial effusion in, 773       glaucoma and, 387, 389
           Lactate                              rectal masses in, 865             Lensectomy, for lens luxation, 582
             hyperlactatemia, 1249.e2           regurgitation in, 873             Lente insulin, for diabetes mellitus, 253
             serum levels of, 1356              spinal cord neoplasia in, 932     Lenticular sclerosis, vs. cataracts, 147–148
           Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), 1356–1357  splenic masses in, 629         Lentigo simplex
           Lactated Ringer’s solution, 1510.e8t  splenic torsion in, 935           description of, 676
           Lactation disorders, 570–571         squamous cell carcinoma in, 939    nasal dermatosis and, 676
           Lactation tetany. See Eclampsia      subaortic stenosis in, 948        Leonberger
           Lactic acid. See Lactate             thymoma in, 973                    hypoadrenocorticism in, 513
           Lactic acidosis, 1192, 1356          vaginal hyperplasia/prolapse in, 1028  laryngeal paralysis in, 574
           Lactoferrin, 326                     ventricular arrhythmia in, 1033    laryngeal paralysis–polyneuropathy complex in, 808
           Lactose intolerance, 349            Large intestine. See Colon         Leproid granuloma syndrome
           Lactulose                           Larval migrans, Baylisascaris infection and, 114.e2  description of, 670
             administration and dosage of, 1488  Laryngeal collapse, 129           pinnal disease and, 790
             for castor bean toxicosis, 147.e2  Laryngeal disorders, and voice change, 1039–1040  Leproid spp., 670
             for cirrhotic/fibrosing liver disease, 175  Laryngeal examination, 1125–1127, 1126f  Leprosy, feline, 1366. See also Mycobacterial diseases
             for constipation/obstipation, 203  Laryngeal masses, 573–574         Leptocytes, 1327f
             for hepatic encephalopathy, 441   Laryngeal neoplasia, 573–574, 1250.e1  Leptospira, 583
           Lady-of–the-night, 138.e6           Laryngeal paralysis, 421, 574–576  Leptospirosis, 583–585
           Lafora disease, 945.e2–945.e3        ultrasonography in, 1127           abortion and, 2
           Lagenidiosis, 860–861, 860f, 860.e1f  Laryngeal paralysis–polyneuropathy complex in,    dark field microscopy, 584
           Lagenidium spp., 860–861              808–809                           MAT versus PCR testing for, 1358
           Lagophthalmos, 318                  Laryngeal saccule eversion, 129     myocarditis and, 675
             corneal sequestration and, 208    Laryngeal trauma, 576–578           pathogenic serovars, 1358
             keratoconjunctivitis sicca and, 569  Laryngeal webbing, 574           serologic testing for, 583–585, 1358
             pigmentary keratitis and, 207     Laryngectomy, 573                   serum titers, vaccine-associated versus infection-
           Lagotto Romagnolo                   Lasalocid, 563.e2                      associated, 1358
             cerebellar cortical degeneration in, 149.e3  Laser cyclophotocoagulation, for glaucoma, 389  Lethal acrodermatitis, 1394
             epilepsy in, 903                  Laser treatment                    Lethargy, 585–586, 1250
           Laidlomycin propionate, 563.e2       for ectopic ureter, 283           Leukemia(s), 1068
           Lakeland terrier                     for intraocular neoplasia, 561     acute, 586–588, 671
             aseptic necrosis of femoral head in, 80  for stomatitis, 944          chronic, 588–589
             dermatomyositis in, 246.e2         for uveal cysts, 1023.e2           classification and treatment of, 1432a
             ventricular septal defect in, 1036  Lasix. See Furosemide             hypopyon and, 522
           Lamblia intestinalis. See Giardiasis  Latanoprost, for glaucoma, 389    PARR test for, 1362
           Lameness, 571–572, 1136, 1249–1250  Late-night activity, 115            smoldering acute, 671
             non-weight–bearing, nerve root signature and, 893.e2  Latent chronic kidney disease. See Chronic kidney   Leukemia virus, feline. See Feline leukemia virus (FeLV)
           Lamisil. See Terbinafine              disease, occult (asymptomatic)   Leukeran. See Chlorambucil
           Lamprene. See Clofazimine           Lateral canthotomy, 823–824        Leukocyte(s). See also specific cells
           Lancashire heeler, hyphema in, 511  Lateral glenohumeral ligament disruption, 914  laboratory measurement of, 1359
           Landry-Guillain-Barré syndrome, 811  Latrodectus, 928–929               in urine, 1377–1378
           Landseer Newfoundland, platelet dysfunction in, 790.e5  Laurels, 143   Leukocyte count, correction formula for nucleated red
           Lanoxin. See Digoxin                Lavage                                blood cells, 1359
           Lansoprazole                         bronchoalveolar                   Leukocyte function tests, 1358
             administration and dosage of, 1488  in chronic bronchitis, 137       Leukocytosis, 1359
             for gastric ulcer, 382              in feline asthma, 84              excitement, 1369
           Lanthanum, 1488                      gastric, 1118f                     as paraneoplastic syndrome, 754–756
           Laparoscopic adrenalectomy, 36       peritoneal, diagnostic, 780       Leukoderma, 195
           Laparoscopic-assisted jejunostomy tubes, 1111.e2  of shearing/degloving wounds, 909  Leukopenia, 1359
           Laparoscopic liver biopsy, 1128–1129  thoracic, for pyothorax, 858     Leukotrichia, 195, 196f
           Laparotomy, exploratory, for septic peritonitis, 780  tracheal. See Transtracheal wash  Levalbuterol, for feline asthma, 85
           Large bowel diarrhea, 1411.a See also Colitis  Laxative paste, 1488    Levamisole, 1488
           Large-breed dogs. See also specific breeds  Laxatives, for constipation/obstipation, 203  Levarterenol. See Norepinephrine
             acral lick dermatitis in, 702     Laxatone. See Laxative paste       Levasole. See Levamisole
             acral lick granuloma in, 589.e2   LDH. See Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)  Levetiracetam
             acute congestive heart failure in, 408  LE prep. See Lupus erythematosus preparation (LE Prep)  administration and dosage of, 1488
             aspergillosis in, 81              Lead                                for epilepsy, idiopathic, 302
             atrial fibrillation in, 94         in adulterated diets, 37t          for seizures, 904
             calcinosis circumspecta in, 140.e4  blood levels of, 579, 1357       Levophed. See Norepinephrine
             callus/pressure sore in, 143.e2    toxicosis, 578–579, 1256          Levothyroxine sodium
             chronic heart failure in, 410     Lead intoxication, 1357             administration and dosage of, 1488
             claw disorders in, 179            Learned helplessness, 911.e2        for hypothyroidism, 526
             coccidioidomycosis in, 184        Leeks, 707                         Leydig cell tumor, 962–963
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