Page 437 - Cote clinical veterinary advisor dogs and cats 4th

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best chosen based on susceptibility testing • Prebiotics (i.e., soluble fiber, fructooligo- supplementation are easy and cost-effective
to the incriminating pathogen. Exceptions saccharides) may also promote beneficial empirical therapies to offer clients before
VetBooks.ir oral fluoroquinolone therapy (enrofloxacin Possible Complications • Colonoscopy with mucosal biopsy is impera-
populations of mucosa-associated bacteria
are animals with GC, which responds to
more extensive diagnostic testing.
to reduce inflammation.
10 mg/kg PO q 24h), and tylosin-responsive
tive for diagnosis of most forms of chronic
diarrheas.
Endoscopic standards for GI biopsy collec-
• Tylosin-responsive diarrhea has been reported • Cure is not possible with colonic IBD, but colitis that fail rational empirical therapies.
in large-breed dogs that respond rapidly the prognosis for control of signs is good tion have been published.
to oral tylosin dosed at 25 mg/kg PO for with effective therapy. • Perform FISH on colon biopsies obtained
2 weeks. • Animals treated with amphotericin B for GI from dogs at risk for GC.
• Glucocorticoids (e.g., prednisone or predniso- histoplasmosis are at risk for drug-induced
lone 1 mg/kg PO q 12h for dogs; 1-2 mg/ renal disease. Prevention
kg PO q 12h for cats) are first-choice immu- • Myelosuppression may occur with che- • Prophylactic deworming
nosuppressive drugs for therapy of colonic motherapy drugs for malignant colonic • Avoid dietary indiscretion.
IBD. For dogs showing adverse effects or when neoplasia. • Perform dietary trials.
there is a need for long-term steroid therapy,
consider the use of budesonide 1-3 mg/DOG Recommended Monitoring Technician Tips
PO q 24h for IBD. Ideally, animals responsive to elimination diets • If in an endemic area for histoplasmosis,
• Drugs effective against GI histoplasmosis (p. (e.g., those having diet-responsive causes of perform rectal scrape for collection of
476), if diagnosis confirmed. chronic colitis) should be returned to their cytologic specimens, which may have
• Treatment for colonic neoplasia (pp. 30 and normal (incriminating) diet to see if large-bowel macrophages laden with budding yeasts.
604), if diagnosis confirmed. signs recrudesce. This is impractical in most • Always administer an oral colonic lavage
• Probiotics (multiple commercial products instances. prep (e.g., GoLYTELY or others) prior to
available) may serve a useful adjunct role colonoscopy. This will expedite the procedure
to drug therapy to reduce inflammation in PROGNOSIS & OUTCOME and enhance diagnostic yield from mucosal
animals with chronic colitis. Multi-strain biopsies.
probiotics have shown efficacy in clinical The prognosis varies with the underlying
trials. cause from good (e.g., tylosin-responsive or Client Education
diet-responsive disorders when the inciting • Diet trials must be extremely strict to yield
Nutrition/Diet dietary constituent is removed) to poor (e.g., useful information.
• Appropriate dietary management may some colonic neoplasia). • Dietary modification to a diet suitable for
include elimination, fiber-supplemented, colonic disease may be required for the life
or low-residue diets. The remission of signs PEARLS & CONSIDERATIONS of the pet.
due to food-responsive causes for chronic
colitis requires feeding an elimination (intact Comments SUGGESTED READING
protein or hydrolysate) diet for 3-4 weeks • Major causes of chronic colitis include Cassmann E, et al: Alterations of the ileal and colonic
in dogs and 1-2 weeks in cats. dietary, infectious, and infiltrative disorders. mucosal microbiota in canine chronic enteropathies.
• Soluble fiber supplementation is an important • Most animals with chronic signs of large- PLoS One 11:e0147321, 2016.
component of therapy because these dietary intestinal disease will require a thorough AUTHOR: Albert E. Jergens, DVM, MS, PhD, DACVIM
additives bind colonic irritants, normalize diagnostic evaluation to rule out the EDITOR: Rance K. Sellon, DVM, PhD, DACVIM
dysmotility, and promote colonic epithelial various causes of colonic inflammation.
repair and renewal (by beneficial short-chain Prophylactic deworming and dietary trials
fatty acid [butyrate] production). with an elimination diet and/or soluble fiber

Collapse Client Education
Sheet

Clinical Presentation
BASIC INFORMATION Labrador retrievers (exercise-induced collapse
[EIC] [p. 316]) and border collies (border HISTORY, CHIEF COMPLAINT
Definition collie collapse [BCC]). Depends on underlying cause. In animals with
Loss of the ability to support weight and • Inherited myopathies causing progressive recurrent historical collapse but no abnormal
ambulate; may be transient and may include muscle atrophy, weakness, and collapse occur physical findings, it is very important to get a
altered consciousness rarely in young dogs and cats. good description or video of a collapse episode
• Partial seizures causing episodes of collapse to guide the diagnostic approach. Important
Epidemiology with no loss of consciousness are common information:
SPECIES, AGE, SEX in dogs (especially Labrador retrievers) with • Whether collapse occurred acutely or
• Dogs, cats inherited epilepsy. progressed over time
• Age predisposition depends on disorder • Boxers with arrhythmogenic right ventricular • Whether systemic abnormalities were noticed
causing collapse. cardiomyopathy often collapse during before, during, or after collapse
syncopal episodes. • Duration of collapse
GENETICS, BREED PREDISPOSITION • Ruptured splenic hemangiosarcoma is a • Mentation/consciousness, muscle tone,
• Inherited neurologic disorders causing common cause of collapse in large-breed mucous membrane color, and respiratory
collapse during strenuous exercise occur in dogs. pattern during the episode of collapse

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