Page 74 - Cote clinical veterinary advisor dogs and cats 4th

Acne 15

PROGNOSIS & OUTCOME carefully determine the most toxic ingredi- of what was ingested for identification (label)
ent and hazard resulting from exposure; along with the pet as soon as possible.
VetBooks.ir • Poor in patients in hypovolemic shock or if Prevention Client Education Diseases and Disorders
consultation with a poison control center is
• Good to excellent if animal is treated
advised.
immediately after exposure
Store household products appropriately out of
esophageal or stomach perforation occurs
Keep household cleaning products out of reach reach of pets.
PEARLS & CONSIDERATIONS of pets. SUGGESTED READING
Gwaltney-Brant SM: Miscellaneous indoor toxicants.
Comments Technician Tips In Peterson ME, Talcott PA, editors: Small animal
• Alkaline products with a pH of 12.5 can As with any intoxication, identifying the toxic toxicology, ed 3, St. Louis, 2013, Elsevier Saunders,
cause esophageal ulcers; products with a pH substance helps significantly with treatment pp 291-308.
of 14 can cause acute esophageal perforation accuracy, monitoring for complications, and AUTHOR: Mary Schell, DVM, DABT, DABVT
and chronic stricture formation. prognostication. An owner who calls on the EDITOR: Tina Wismer, DVM, MS, DABVT, DABT
• Most household cleaning agents are complex telephone because of possible or certain intoxi-
mixtures of chemicals. The clinician must cation should be told to bring the container

Acne Client Education
Sheet

BASIC INFORMATION be pruritic. Regional lymphadenopathy can DIAGNOSIS
develop.
Definition Diagnostic Overview
• Canine acne is a common chronic inflam- Etiology and Pathophysiology The diagnosis is suspected based on the history
matory disorder of the chin and lips of young • Unknown cause and the distribution and aspect of the skin
dogs, characterized by deep folliculitis and • Bacterial involvement is secondary. lesions.
furunculosis. • Canine acne can be triggered by local
• Feline acne is a relatively common idiopathic trauma, and genetic predisposition has Differential Diagnosis
disorder of follicular cornification. been suggested. • Demodicosis
Epidemiology • Feline acne could be aggravated by poor • Dermatophytosis
• Malassezia pachydermatis dermatitis
SPECIES, AGE, SEX grooming habits, underlying predisposition • Eosinophilic granuloma (feline)
to seborrhea, production of abnormal sebum,
• Canine acne is more common in young dogs hair cycle influences, stress, viruses, and • Early juvenile cellulitis (canine)
of short-coated breeds. immunosuppression. • Contact dermatitis
• Feline acne can develop at any age. • Sebaceous gland or other localized skin
tumors
GENETICS, BREED PREDISPOSITION
Large, short-coated dog breeds appear predis- Initial Database
posed: boxers, Doberman pinschers, English • Cytologic evaluation (pustules or exudates):
bulldogs, Great Danes, Weimaraners, mas- suppurative inflammation and phagocytosed
tiffs, rottweilers, and German short-haired bacteria when secondary infection occurs
pointers • M. pachydermatis occasionally can be found
(cats).
Clinical Presentation • Skin scrapings to rule out demodicosis
HISTORY, CHIEF COMPLAINT (p. 1091)
• Skin lesions are restricted to the chin area,
sometimes involving the lips. Advanced or Confirmatory Testing
• Lesions may be an incidental finding during • Dermatohistopathologic evaluation of skin
routine examination. biopsy (rarely necessary): follicular hyper-
keratosis and dilation, perifolliculitis, fol-
PHYSICAL EXAM FINDINGS liculitis and/or furunculosis, and cellulitis;
• Canine acne: early lesions consist of bacterial culture and sensitivity test may be
erythematous papules. Lesions can progress needed if unresponsive to appropriate empiri-
to pustules, bullae, or occasional ulcerated cal antibiotic therapy
draining tracts with serosanguineous dis- • Fungal culture in dermatophyte testing
charge on the chin or muzzle. medium if dermatophytosis is suspected
• Feline acne: asymptomatic comedones on
the chin and occasionally the lips. Lesions TREATMENT
can evolve to papules, pustules, crusts, and
alopecia. Furunculosis and cellulitis can be Treatment Overview
seen with secondary bacterial infection. ACNE: CANINE Papular dermatitis with alopecia Treatment consists of elimination of secondary
Severely affected skin can be edematous, on the chin of a dog with acne. (Courtesy Dr. Nadia bacterial infection, if present, and control of
thickened, and scarred. Infected lesions may Pagé.) recurrence.

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