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Goatsuckers 499

consists of distributing fat from the feathers of the breast with the use of the bill and the pectinated
claw. Some species are noted to have a strong, earthy smell.
Goatsucker wings are designed for maneuverability and swiftness to pursue the variety of insects
that compose the majority of their diet (see Figure 32.3). The wings are proportionately long and
powered by large pectoral muscles.
Even the eyes of the goatsuckers are designed for their crepuscular hunting habits; the large
liquid‐looking dark eyes have a tapetum that reflects unabsorbed light, resulting in a distinctive
red or red‐orange eye‐shine. The eyes are situated laterally, offering a wide view during flight. One
feature unique to goatsuckers is the ability to control their loose upper eyelids.
Generally, nightjars have rounded wings with no white feathering. They are nocturnal or crepus-
cular feeders and have obvious rictal feathering. The wingtips do not extend past the tail, and they
have feathered tarsi. Nighthawks, on the other hand, have pointed wings with white covert feath-
ers that are visible when they are sitting. There may be white patches on the wings, the specific
markings of which vary by species. The adult wings cross over the back and extend beyond the tail.
Rictal feathering is obscure or does not exist. The long, forked tail is also distinct.
Although most goatsucker chicks are raised in a similar manner, it becomes essential near
release time to identify the proper release criteria and to recognize the signs of physical maturity
of each species. The use of a good field guide may help identify specific species or subspecies of
goatsuckers; weights and territorial ranges may also be helpful. In the northern parts of the U.S.
and Canada, most species can be ruled out by location, although this is not always possible in the
southern U.S. or northern Mexico during migration.

Figure 32.3 Goatsuckers are extremely agile fliers and must have full flight dexterity to qualify for release.